Understanding Anthropology: Subfields and Their Importance

ATH 101 Final Project Part A Milestone One In the outline that you prepare for Final Project Part A Milestone One, you will begin to define anthropology and its subfields, consider the anthropological perspective, and write down points about how you think history influences current issues. This will help you start thinking from an anthropological perspective early in the term and also help you identify any areas of anthropology that you find difficult to articulate. Be sure to think of some examples you could use in your final submission for Part A. For each topic below, write your answers to the questions in full sentences. You should aim to address each critical element listed below in at least two sentences each. Interview Preparation Outline I. Defining Anthropology: What is anthropology? Discuss how the field is the sum of all its parts as you consider people and their complexities. How do all the subfields work together to form the field of anthropology? “Anthropology is the study of human beings, there biology, their pre history, and history, their changing languages, cultures and social institutions (Welsch, Vivanco, & Fuentes, 2020).” The is four different subfields and each one studies something different. The four different sub fields of anthropology are: The first field of anthropology is cultural anthropology, “Cultural anthropology is the study of the social lives of a living environment (Welsch, Vivanco, & Fuentes, 2020).” The second field of anthropology is archaeology, “archaeology is the study of past cultures by excavating sites where people have lived (Welsch, Vivanco, & Fuentes, 2020).” The third field of anthropology is linguistics, “linguistics is the study of how people communicate with one another through language, and how the language shapes group members and identity's (Welsch, Vivanco, & Fuentes, 2020).” This can be any way between voicing or drawing, or even signing with our hands. The last field of anthropology is biological anthropology,

biological anthropology is the study of biological, and biocultural aspects of the human species past and present (Welsch, Vivanco, & Fuentes, 2020).” A. Provide a field-specific example to support your definition. For example, consider how a field-specific cultural anthropologist who is looking at the incidence of diabetes in an indigenous group would investigate the cultural factors of diabetes, such as what foods people are eating that lead or protect against diabetes. However, the cultural anthropologists could also consider genetic factors that may make individuals more prone to diabetes or even environmental conditions such as stress that may also be linked to the disease. A archaeologist excavates a site that humans have lived in before and learn about the structure of the buildings. An archaeologist gets to play in dirt and find things that our ancestors have left behind and can tell how a person has lived from excavating. They can tell us how a person has lived and can help try to help prevent the future outcomes of the disaster that happen at the site. II. Anthropological Perspective: Why do people need an anthropological perspective? What is the importance of the anthropological perspective in each of the situations listed below?

People need anthropological perspectives to help prevent future disasters, war, famine, and health of humans. A. Global cultural crises An anthropologist can be a good source in global crises by going to the news or even the media and talking about the affect of the way that war affects not just the men and women that sign up but the affect it has on the families back home. For instants lets say the the men and women of war have PTSD they could talk about how to help prevent that from happening. B. Biological crises An Anthropologist can be a good source of a biological crises by help prevent a health scare that affects everyone. For Instance, we had the covid scare, and it took peoples lives because we did not know how to combat it til they made a vaccine that we had to take. But due to the covid pandemic we lost thousand of people because we was not able to fight it. The anthropologist can help prevent future outcomes from studying this. C. Environmental crises An Anthropologist can help us study the sites that have been affected by hurricanes, earthquakes, and Flooding. We are having a very bad time right now with the climate change, they can study the way that the storms and ground are dry or not dry, and can help prevent the affects of this from affecting the lives that live in the area that these places are hit. They can help create warnings from just studying our living environment.

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III. Historical Perspective A. Provide an example of a historical anthropological contribution that has helped legitimize the field in the present day. The article “Researchers uses mammal DNA to zoom into the human genome with unprecedented resolution by the Keck School of Medicine of USC.” “Scientist have precisely identified base pairs of the human genome that remained consistent over millions of years of mammalian evolution, and which play a crucial role in human disease (Keck School of Medicine of USC, 2023).” D. Provide an example of a way that cultural groups and individuals use their past to inform their everyday life. How are people the products of their past (or how are they not)? Make connections between cultural groups’ and individuals’ past and their current everyday lives. Native American have lived on this earth for thousand of year. They lived off the land and even made towns for themselves and trade. The raised families and worked the land. They made cabins or teepee to live in. Now today they live on reservations and off reservations. They learned to talk English which is hard to do, they send their kids to public school, and they live in houses, and drive cars instead of ride horses and carts to school and work. The Native Americans pass stories down from their ancestors to the younger versions in hopes that they will learn from the past and to help them in the future. There is many different languages in the Native American culture. E. Explain how people are (or are not) products of their familial past . Make connections between peoples’ family history and their present identity.

Our ancestors grew up where they had to walk to school and did not have much food to put on the table, but they all sat down at dinner time and ate together. For instance, Let take a minute to know some about the past of a girl who grew up in a family, that lied, abused and used. The girl grew up and does not tell lies, she does not abuse other, and she does not use other to get things that she needs or wants. Some people come from different back grounds so everyone is different. Take the King and Queen, he was British and she was American. When they had kids, The kids grew up and married American women as well. For some they followed in their parents footsteps. F. Explain how people are (or are not) products of their communal or regional past . Make connections between peoples’ communal or regional past and their present identity. “Traditional Native American ceremonies are still practiced by many tribes and bands and other theological belief systems are still held by many of the traditional people (Wikipedia Contributors, 2013).” Native Americans had to adapt to the Americans talking English. Their Native American writings and language help tell about their history and stories of the past. Some Native Americans use sign language. It has help shape the Native Americans today and gave them a voice. Once you get to know the language you will know what part of the United States they live in. “There are approximately 296 spoken (or formerly spoken) indigenous languages north of Mexico, 269 of which are grouped into 29 families (Wikipedia Contributors, 2013).”

References Include a list of references you used to answer the questions above. Be sure to write the title, author, page number where you found the information, and publication date for each reference used.

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Title Author Page Numbe r Publicatio n Date Referenc e 1 Researchers uses mammal DNA to zoom into the human genome with unprecedented resolution Keck School of Medicine of USC 1 May 12, 2023 Referenc e 2 Anthropology: Asking questions about human origins, Diversity, and Culture Robert L. Welsch, Luis A. Vivanco, Agustin Fuentes 5 2020 Referenc e 3 Anthropology: Asking questions about human origins, Diversity, and Culture Robert L. Welsch, Luis A. Vivanco, Agustin Fuentes 7-8 2020 Referenc e 4 Native American Cultures in the United States Wikipedia Contributors April 29,2023

Tammie. Harker_ATH 101 Final Project Part A Milestone One

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