Understanding Anthropology: Fields and Global Applications

Final Project Part A ATH 101 Tammie Harker Southern New Hampshire University

I. Defining Anthropology “Anthropology is the study of human beings, there biology, their pre history, and history, their changing languages, cultures and social institutions (Welsch, Vivanco, & Fuentes, 2020).” The is four different subfields and each one studies something different. The four different sub fields of anthropology are: The first field of anthropology is cultural anthropology, “Cultural anthropology is the study of the social lives of a living environment (Welsch, Vivanco, & Fuentes, 2020).” The second field of anthropology is archaeology, “archaeology is the study of past cultures by excavating sites where people have lived (Welsch, Vivanco, & Fuentes, 2020).” The third field of anthropology is linguistics, “linguistics is the study of how people communicate with one another through language, and how the language shapes group members and identity's (Welsch, Vivanco, & Fuentes, 2020).” This can be any way between voicing or drawing, or even signing with our hands. The last field of anthropology is biological anthropology, biological anthropology is the study of biological, and biocultural aspects of the human species past and present (Welsch, Vivanco, & Fuentes, 2020).” II. Anthropology Perspective People need anthropological perspectives to help prevent future disasters, war, famine, and health of humans. For example, An Anthropologist could be really helpful when it comes to trying to find out information on Coal dust and Silica that is causing the advancement of black lung disease. They could study the rock and environment at the mining site. A. Global Cultural Crisis

B. Environmental crisis An Anthropologist can help us study the sites that have been affected by hurricanes, earthquakes, and Flooding. We are having a very bad time right now with the climate change, they can study the way that the storms and ground are dry or not dry, and can help prevent the affects of this from affecting the lives that live in the area that these places are hit. They can help create warnings from just studying our living environment. III. Historical Perspectives Part A Anthropology is very important because it can help us figure out how people lived and worked in the past. They can even tell what our weather was like in the past. To learn An anthropologist can be a good source in global crises by going to the news or even the media and talking about the affect of the way that war affects not just the men and women that sign up but the affect it has on the families back home. For instants lets say the the men and women of war have PTSD they could talk about how to help prevent that from happening. For example, Reducing the stigmas associated with mental health within military populations is a current priority as research has shown that these stigmas may serve as a barrier to treatment for those returning from combat (Thomson, 2021).” A. Biological Crisis An Anthropologist can be a good source of a biological crises by help prevent a health scare that affects everyone. For Instance, we had the covid scare, and it took peoples lives because we did not know how to combat it till they made a vaccine that we had to take. But due to the covid pandemic we lost thousand of people because we was not able to fight it. The anthropologist can help prevent future medicines to stop the pandemic.

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about the way that people lived and are living right now or are working and still working in the same conditions could have very bad health affects. The article that was found that made a contribution to anthropology written by Keck School of Medicine of USC, found that “Scientist have precisely identified base pairs of the human genome that remained consistent over millions of years of mammalian evolution, and which play a crucial role in human disease (Keck School of Medicine of USC, 2023).” Native American have lived on this earth for thousand of year. They lived off the land and even made towns for themselves and trade. The raised families and worked the land. They made cabins or teepee to live in. Now today they live on reservations and off reservations. They learned to talk English which is hard to do, they send their kids to public school, and they live in houses, and drive cars instead of ride horses and carts to school and work. The Native Americans pass stories down from their ancestors to the younger versions in hopes that they will learn from the past and to help them in the future. There is many different languages in the Native American culture. The Native Americans follow in their ancestors shoes by teaching their children about their past. They follow in their parents and families footsteps if they are chiefs or warriors. If they are chiefs they raise their children to become a chief. If they are warriors they train them to be warriors. They also hand hunter and gathers to go out and hunt for food. If that was the parents job then you would be trained to do that if you was a male. Females was their to do the farming of the plants and cook and make clothes and more. If you was a female child you would be taught how to do that. Today it is different in some ways but still you would follow in your parents footsteps. Today the Native Americans have many Jobs and don’t really need to have hunter and gathers and warriors or the training of being of farming of plants with stores and other businesses and college. “Traditional Native American ceremonies are still practiced by many tribes and bands and other theological belief systems are still held by many of the traditional people (Wikipedia Contributors, 2013).” Native Americans had to adapt to the

Americans talking English. Their Native American writings and language help tell about their history and stories of the past. Some Native Americans use sign language. It has help shape the Native Americans today and gave them a voice. Once you get to know the language you will know what part of the United States they live in. “There are approximately 296 spoken (or formerly spoken) indigenous languages north of Mexico, 269 of which are grouped into 29 families (Wikipedia Contributors, 2013).” References: Keck School of Medicine of USC. (2023). Researchers Uses mammal dna to zoom into human genome with unprecedented resolution. Science Daily.https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/05/230512144800.htm

Thomson, J. L. (2021). PTSD Perceptions in U.S. Military Members and Their Families: A Qualitative Study. SAGE Open , 11 (1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211006393 Welsch, R., Vivanco, L., Fuentes, A.. (2020) Anthropology: asking questions about human origins, diversity, and culture. Oxford University Press, Ch 1, p 5. ISBN-13: 978-0-19- 005737-4 Welsch, R., Vivanco, L., Fuentes, A.. (2020) Anthropology: asking questions about human origins, diversity, and culture. Oxford University Press, Ch 1, p 7-8. ISBN-13: 978-0-19- 005737-4 Wikipedia Contributors. (2023). Native American Cultures in the United States. Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States

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Final Project A Ath 101 Tammie Harker

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