Post-Lab Vertebrae and Homology Lab

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Boston University *

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201

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Anthropology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Humza Izhar Post-Lab Vertebrae and Homology Lab Protrudin g limbs? Phalang es? Tail? # of Legs Femu r? Skull Type # of Carpals # of Ribs She ll? Teeth ? Frog yes yes None 4 Yes Flat, wide, square shaped 4 non e no yes Perch no no yes 0 No Skinny, long none 8 no yes Pigeon no yes yes 2 yes Round, pointy 4 6 no no Possum yes yes yes 4 Yes Round, triangle 5 9 no yes Alligator yes yes yes 4 Yes Oblong, oval 5 8 no yes Turtle no yes no 4 Yes Round 4 7 yes yes Platypus yes yes yes 4 Yes Round, flat 5 12 no no Frog Perch Pigeon Possum Alligat or Turtle Platypu s Frog .2 .4 .6 .6 .4 .5 Perch .3 .3 .4 .3 .2 Pigeon .4 .4 .4 .5 Possum .8 .5 .6 Alligator .6 .7 Turtle .5 Platypus Avg similarity Frog .45 Perch .28 Pigeon .4 Possum .53 Alligator .58 Turtle .45 Platypus .5

According to the data presented above:  Perches do not have femurs and phalanges, this is likely because fish do not need to walk, therefore they do not need a bone that can stabilize their body while standing and moving, and do not need any limbs that will be easier to walk on land since they swim.  Pigeons and Perches both have less than 4 legs. This is primarily due to the environments they live in and their mode of movement. Birds fly and live in high areas, while fish live in the sea both requiring less or no limbs.  Turtles, to protect themselves from predators have shells to defend themselves, due to their slow movement.  Frogs do not have the presence of tails, as they form into legs after aging from a tadpole.  Opossums and Alligators have more than 4 Carpals, likely making it easier to move around and live in a semi-aquatic environment. This is clearly represented above, within the re-rooted tree, where all animals are distinguished specifically by the presence or no presence of features, and specific unique characteristics pertaining to that organism. 3

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According to the Similarity scores, Alligators had the highest score, so that is where I switched the Opossum and the Alligator to get the re-rooted tree 4

Post-Lab Vertebrae and Homology Lab

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