ANTH102_Online_Lab10_DigitalLabPacket_F23

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ANTH 102 LAB 10 1 Lab 10: Archaeological Ethics and Cultural Heritage List of Digital Components for this Lab (all are posted in the Lab 10 folder in Blackboard)  Lab 10 Digital Lab Packet ( this document )  Lab 10 Introduction Video  Activity 1 Reading: Principles of Archaeological Ethics by the SAA  Activity 1 Video: Ancestors: The Journey Home  Activity 2 Video 1: In Focus: The Elgin Parthenon Marbles  Activity 2 Video 2: The Scourge of Looting: Trafficking Antiquities, from Temple to Museum  Activity 2 Video 3: Sotheby’s Returns Looted 10 th Century Statue to Cambodia  Activity 3 Video: BBC Horizons: The Ice Maiden  Lab 10 Online Quiz  Supplemental Files (alternate formats, transcripts, etc.) General Instructions Step 1. Carefully read through the Lab 10 Digital Lab Packet ( this document ) and watch the Lab 10 Introduction Video before doing anything else. You should complete this step before your synchronous lab session so you may ask any questions at that time. The Lab 10 Introduction Video covers concepts that you must understand before attempting the lab activities in the lab packet. You will also need to read the Principles of Archaeological Ethics document written by the Society for American Archaeology. This additional reading will be needed for all 4 lab activities. Step 2. Complete Activities 1, 2, 3, and 4 on your own time, as instructed in the lab packet. As you complete the lab activities, you should write down your answers on a printout of the lab packet or (if you cannot print the packet) on a separate piece of paper. You will not turn in this physical copy, but you will use it to enter your answers in the next step. The questions in this packet are numbered sequentially from 1-27 to simplify this process for you. Step 3. To turn in your lab work, you must type your answers for Activities 1, 2, 3, and 4 into the Lab 10 Online Quiz and submit before the deadline. You must submit your work via the online quiz to receive a grade—we cannot accept submissions in other formats. The deadline for turning in Lab 10 is Sunday, October 15, at 11:59 P.M. Chicago time. Work turned in after this deadline will be considered late and will be docked points according to the policy in the course syllabus. Learning Outcomes This lab introduces fundamental concepts that will help students to achieve a number of course and General-Education learning outcomes, including: • Understand and explain the significance and influence of the past and its connection to current political, scientific, and cultural forces. • Use scientific and mathematical reasoning to make relevant distinctions among ideas. • Understand and apply the techniques archaeologists use in their research.

ANTH 102 LAB 10 2 Key Terms • Ethical Archaeology – a subset of archaeology that focuses on the various moral and ethical concerns that emerge during archaeological research. • Funerary Objects (Grave Goods) – are materials that are incorporated within burials. • Grave Robbing – A form of looting that targets burial and funerary contexts. • The Illicit Antiquities Trade – the illegal trade and sale of artifacts and other material culture that operates on a global scale. • Looting – the illicit or illegal transfer of objects and artifacts from an archaeological site. • The Native American Graves Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) – U.S. legislation that requires certain human remains, grave goods, and sacred objects be repatriated to their closest descendants and tribes. • Provenance – describes the life history of an object, including where an object or artifact comes from (its place of origin). • Repatriation – the return of material culture, or artifacts, to their place or community of origin. • Sacred Objects – materials that are employed during the practice of different religions and rituals. Lab Overview Background The primary focus of archaeological research is expanding upon our knowledge of the past. Funding to conduct excavations and analyses originates from universities and state institutions (e.g., National Science Foundation) but also private organizations (e.g., National Geographic) seeking new insights that would interest the broader public. Reporting of results in popular media (e.g., magazines, websites, newspapers) is an important and essential part of archaeological practice. In addition to learning about the ‘Wonder’ of the past, the public domain is also brought into controversies about who owns the past. Archaeologists work according to a specific set of ethical guidelines to ensure that we responsibly collect, curate and disseminate information. National and International laws and organizations (UNESCO World Heritage) are established to protect archaeological sites and inhibit the illicit trade of antiquities within the public domain. The ‘Plunder’ of the past involves issues of looting, buying artifacts, the role of museums and repatriation. This lab will examine the dynamic interaction between archaeology and the public domain— including issues of cultural heritage management. Archaeological Ethics In archaeology, much of the material that we deal with has a dual nature: it is both emotionally important to a particular group of people with histories or genealogies tied to the individuals and objects we excavate, and it has significant informational value for all of us alive today. We must remember that when we excavate a burial, for example, we are altering the way that individual’s family and community had laid them to rest, and for communities that have ties to these burials,

ANTH 102 LAB 10 3 there may be many religious beliefs which need to be taken into account. Equally, when we consider important artifacts, whether they be expensive masks of gold like the one we saw in the first lecture, or more mundane objects like potsherds from a more recent site, we are handling the cultural history of communities that we may not belong to. An additional complication is that excavations actually disturb the original context of a site and prevent further research from being done in that location. Because the excavated portion of a site cannot be “re-excavated,” research must be done extremely carefully. When all of these concerns are not ethically handled, knowledge may be lost forever, communities may feel their ancestors have been disrespected, their cultural heritage has been stolen for the profit of others, or that their own rights to their past have been ignored. To avoid such problems, and to continue to work in a way that is fair and respectful of all, archaeology must always be careful to preserve knowledge of the past while also honoring the people who produced the remains being studied, their modern day descendants, and the larger cultural histories. This presents archaeologists with many challenges, and in order to meet these challenges, the Society for American Archaeology (SAA) has produced the following Principles of Archaeological Ethics. As you read through these principles, think about which ones seem most important to you. In the lab activity, you will be asked to refer back to these principles to explain how you think archaeology can be most ethically conducted in difficult situations. The SAA has added 1 additional ethical principle that relates to safe work and educational environments. This principal and all the other principals are covered in the introduction video. There are also many laws that govern how archaeology can be conducted. In the introduction video, you will learn about one particularly important law, NAGPRA, that is used in connection with Native American archaeological sites.

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ANTH 102 LAB 10 4 Additional Ethical Concerns In addition to the principles of archaeological ethics published by the Society for American Archaeology, there are a few other ethical concerns to be considered. Recovery Proper ethics in archaeology requires that archaeological resources be excavated systematically and meticulously. Archaeologists must therefore use every tool at their disposal to accurately and completely recover traces of the material record at a site. Whereas this used to be a relatively simple task, archaeologists now use modern technology as an aid to excavation. A responsible archaeologist now uses remote sensing tools, direct measurement techniques (like soil phosphate testing), high-tech mapping devices, flotation, and screening, in addition to careful, meticulous excavation and recording techniques like photography, drawing, and plan-mapping. Recovery ethics also dictate that archaeological finds should be properly recorded, stored, and preserved, if necessary, in order to make them available to researchers in the future. Reporting More than one professional archaeologist teaching introductory classes has said, “excavation without publication is nothing more than systematic looting.” Once an archaeological site has been excavated, it is destroyed and is not subject to further study. Therefore, it is the archaeologist’s responsibility to publish and make publicly available the details and results of their excavations. Publications can include books, monographs, and journal articles. Reporting can also include public presentations and education programs, but long-term, literary contributions are most useful for archaeological science. Representation “Representation” deals with how archaeological sciences is portrayed and represented in educational programs, the media, and pop culture, such as movies. Issues include what archaeologists can do to make their work both accessible and accurately portrayed, and how archaeology is perceived by the public through movies like Indiana Jones and Tomb Raider. Also of interest is how archaeology is represented in the popular media, like “Digging for the Truth” on the History Channel. Both of film and TV generally do not portray how archaeology is actually done, and give a false impression of what archaeologists do. The question is: are producers and writers responsible for portraying archaeology accurately, or is it archaeologists’ responsibility to educate the public through accessible education programs and television specials? Ethical Treatment of Human Remains Archaeologists must also grapple with the difficult ethical decisions involved in dealing with human remains. Archaeologists need to balance the need to expand scientific knowledge with showing respect and care for the bodies they encounter during their excavations. While it is important to excavate, document, and inform the public about what we can learn from human remains, archaeologists must work in a way that is respectful of the dignity of all human beings and sensitive to the wants and needs of modern populations with deep emotional bonds to the individuals being exhumed. There is no simple rule that can guide archaeologists here, so they must use their best judgement in making the difficult decisions about when to dig up ancient bodies, what tests should be carried out, and how and where the body should ultimately be stored.

ANTH 102 LAB 10 5 Activity 1: NAGPRA in Practice Task: Begin by watching the Activity 1 Video: Ancestors: The Journey Home (4 min), which has been posted to Blackboard. In the video, Joseph Joaquin, who is a member of the local Tohono O’odham Nation, tells the story of the NAGPRA repatriation of a Native American burial. As you watch the video, answer the multiple choice questions below. Some questions will require you to select multiple answers, so follow the instructions carefully for each question. The questions appear below in approximately the same order as the information appears in the video. If you are having difficulty accessing the video on blackboard, you can watch this video with this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6PEzkJXupU 1. Which aspects of NAGPRA apply in this case? (select only 1 answer) A. This case involves graves and human remains and a Native American community B. This case involves international research and transport of human remains C. This case involves looting and illegal trafficking of human remains for profit D. This case involves a Native Hawaiian community 2. What was done with the human remains that were returned in the video? (select only 1 answer) A. The museum kept the remains until they had completed all their studies and then returned them to the Native American community B. The remains went missing shortly after the Native American community requested they would be returned C. The Native American community agreed to keep the remains accessible to future researchers D. The Native American community reburied the remains 3. Which of the following ethical standards from the SAA list apply to the conflict over whether these remains should be returned to the Native American community? (Choose the answer which most directly applies to this case) (select only 1 answer) A. Stewardship B. Accountability C. Commercialization D. Public Education and Outreach E. Intellectual Property F. Publication G. Records and Preservation H. Training and Resources I. Safe Educational and Workplace Environments

ANTH 102 LAB 10 6 Activity 2: History, Looting and Museums Task: Begin by watching Activity 2 Video 1: In Focus: The ‘Elgin’/Parthenon Marbles (7 min), which has been posted to Blackboard. In the video, the debate over who really owns several famous artworks from the Greek Parthenon is explained. After you watch the video, answer the multiple choice questions below. Some questions will require you to select multiple answers, so follow the instructions carefully for each question. The questions appear below in approximately the same order as the information appears in the video. If you are having difficulty accessing the video on blackboard, you can watch this video with this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKZ_ilKcsEM 4. Where are the Elgin/Parthenon Marbles currently held and when were they acquired? (Select only 1 answer) A. The National Archaeological Museum, 1800s B. Chicago’s National Hellenic Museum, 1932 C. London’s British Museum, 1800s D. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1750s E. The Parthenon Museum, 1600s 5. How were they acquired? (Select only 1 answer) A. They were all fairly purchased by Lord Elgin B. The Ottoman Empire sold them directly to the Museum collection C. Lord Elgin paid for some of the marbles, but chipped others off of the Parthenon walls for personal use D. The marbles were stolen by local looters and sold abroad E. They were taken out of Greece in the midst of World War II 6. Why is Britain so hesitant to return the marbles back to Greece? (Select only 1 answer) A. They are afraid they will be damaged in transit B. They worry they will have to return many other objects in their collections C. They argue that there are no museums in Greece that could properly preserve the marbles D. They worry no one will continue to visit their museum if they give away such popular items E. They don’t think Greece has a valid proof the marbles are Greek

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ANTH 102 LAB 10 7 7. Which of the following ethical standards from the SAA list apply to the conflict over which museum should get to keep the Parthenon Marbles? (Choose the answer which most directly applies to this case) (select only 1 answer) A. Stewardship B. Accountability C. Commercialization D. Public Education and Outreach E. Intellectual Property F. Publication G. Records and Preservation H. Training and Resources I. Safe Educational and Workplace Environments Task: Begin by watching Activity 2 Video 2: The Scourge of Looting: Trafficking Antiquities, from Temple to Museum (2 min), and Activity 2 Video 3: Sotheby’s Returns Looted 10 th Century Statue to Cambodia (2 min) which have been posted to Blackboard. In the videos, the causes and outcomes of the looting of antiquities in Cambodia are discussed. After you watch the videos, answer the multiple choice questions below. Some questions will require you to select multiple answers, so follow the instructions carefully for each question. The questions appear below in approximately the same order as the information appears in the videos. If you are having difficulty accessing the video on blackboard, you can watch this Activity 2 Video 2 with this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4SSVRByUZYI and Activity 2 Video 3 with this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gk6SXIKuotU 8. Which of the following statements is not true about looting in Cambodia? (select only 1 answer) A. Some looting occurred because many people became very poor during the Cambodian civil war B. Art collectors and museums encouraged looting by paying high prices for stolen objects C. During the Cambodian civil war, there was little protection for cultural sites D. The Cambodian government encouraged looting as a way to create more tourist interest in cultural sites 9. How is looting being stopped in Cambodia? (select only 1 answer) A. Guards are being used to protect some objects B. Tourism is being promoted to keep many people constantly at the site to discourage looting C. The Cambodian government has written laws specifically prohibiting looting and the sale of ancient cultural artifacts D. The minimum wage is being raised in Cambodia to provide a good, legal income to all citizens

ANTH 102 LAB 10 8 10. What impact did Sotheby’s return of Cambodian artifacts have on the two statues from the Metropolitan Museum in New York City? (select only 1 answer) A. The Metropolitan Museum paid the Cambodian government fairly for the statues B. The Metropolitan Museum moved the statues to a private collection so they could not be reclaimed C. The Metropolitan Museum voluntarily returned the statues to Cambodia D. The Metropolitan Museum was forced to return the statues to Cambodia by a court ruling E. The Metropolitan Museum set up a joint ownership program with Cambodia 11. Which of the following ethical standards from the SAA list apply to the issues of looting and museum collections discussed in the videos? (Choose the answer which most directly applies to this case) (select only 1 answer) A. Stewardship B. Accountability C. Commercialization D. Public Education and Outreach E. Intellectual Property F. Publication G. Records and Preservation H. Training and Resources I. Safe Educational and Workplace Environments Activity 3: Ethics and The Ukok Princess Mummy: The Ice Maiden Documentary Task: Begin by watching Activity 3 Video 1: BBC Horizons: The Ice Maiden (49 min), which has been posted to Blackboard. In the video, the archaeological excavation and investigation of a mummy from the Altay region of Sibera. The video also addresses some of the ethical questions and concerns that occurred during this study. In the video, the mummy is referred to as the Ice Maiden, but local people in the Altay refer to her as the Ukok Princess. After you watch the video, answer the multiple choice questions below. Some questions will require you to select multiple answers, so follow the instructions carefully for each question. The questions appear below in approximately the same order as the information appears in the video. Note : The first 1 minute and 33 seconds of this video has some sound issues. You may begin watching the video at 1:33 if you would like. If you are having difficulty accessing the video on blackboard, you can watch this video with this link: YouTube URL: https://youtu.be/NfmdjfxrxJA . A transcript from the PBS version of this video (with slight difference in wording, but covering the same material) is available in the supplementary files.

ANTH 102 LAB 10 9 Important Note: This video was produced in the late 1990s and features some practices and attitudes that are now considered outdated or unethical. While you watch the video, you will need to think critically about the decisions the archaeologists make, and even the way that the narrator presents certain topics. We consider many parts of this video a good example of what archaeologists should not do! Content Warning: This video shares images of human remains and cultural/funerary practices involving horses. Please contact Dr. LaMotta if you have any concerns. 12. Archaeologists were able to discern that the Ukok Princess’s funeral occurred in the second half of June, 15 years after the wood for the outer chamber was cut, somewhere between 400 BC and 500 BC. What data was NOT used by the archaeologists to obtain such a precise date? (select only 1 answer) A. Zoological knowledge about what time of year flies live in a horse’s stomach B. Radiocarbon dates from wood from the outer chamber and the coffin. C. A close examination of the tree ring patterns in the wood from the outer chamber and the coffin. D. The fact that the horses’ teeth were well worn E. The knowledge that the ground freezes very hard and it is only easy to dig a grave in the warmer months of the year 13. One of the artifacts found in the tomb seemed to be evidence of long-distance trading. Which object was it? (select only 1 answer) A. The Princess’s headdress B. The mirror found with the Princess C. The coriander seeds found in the tomb D. The symbols in the Princess’s tattoos E. The silk used in the Princess’s blouse 14. The research in this video used many different archaeological approaches to investigate all the items found in the Ukok Princess burial. Which of the following approaches that we’ve studied in lab were discussed in the video? (select only 1 answer) A. Lithic Analysis (Lab 2) B. Mapping and Spatial Analysis (Lab 4) C. Radiocarbon Dating (Lab 5) D. Ceramic Analysis (Lab 8)

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ANTH 102 LAB 10 10 15. When the Princess’s coffin was opened, and it was seen that there was a large block of ice in the coffin, the archaeologist decided to melt the ice with warm water immediately, even though they didn’t have any equipment to safely preserve a mummy with them. Which of the following is an applicable argument about the ethics involved in this decision? (select only 1 answer) A. Even though they knew that mummies are often preserved in Pazyryk coffins, they weren’t sure what was in this specific coffin, so it was ok that they defrosted everything to see what was there. B. It is not an archaeologist’s responsibility to protect mummies they find from decay, so there was no ethical issue with melting the ice in the coffin. C. Archaeologists should follow the ethical principal of stewardship, and so they should have waited until they had a way to prevent decay of any mummies they might find before melting the ice. D. Archaeologists should not engage in commercialization of the artifacts they find, so as long as they weren’t going to sell the artifacts, it was fine for them to melt the ice. E. Even though it would have been better for the archaeologists to wait to defrost the ice until they had a way to preserve the mummy that was inside, they were very excited about the find so it is ok to melt the ice this one time. 16. After the ice was melted, the Ukok Princess’s body quickly started to decay, so she was taken by helicopter, and then placed in a freezer that was usually used to store cheese. This freezer eventually broke, and the mummy was damaged again. What would the SAA say about the ethical responsibilities the archaeologists had regarding transporting and storing this mummy? (select only 1 answer) A. The archaeologists should have found a way to keep the mummy cold during the helicopter trip and they should have made arrangements to move her to a freezer suitable for storing a delicate mummy long before the cheese freezer broke. B. The helicopter and cheese freezer malfunctions were unpredictable, so the archaeologists are not responsible for the damage that occurred to the mummy due to these incidents. C. The helicopter incident is not an ethical issue, but the archaeologists should have checked the cheese freezer regularly to make sure it was functioning properly. D. The damage to the mummy was insignificant, so it is not an ethical issue. E. Mummies should not be stored in food freezers because it is a health concern (and it’s gross). 17. The local historian, Rima Eriknova, said that the archaeologists did not have local permission to excavate where the Ukok Princess was found. What aspect of this situation is NOT a violation of the SAA ethical principle of accountability? (select only 1 answer) A. Permission was not received from the local government to excavate in this area. B. The Ukok Plateu is a sacred area to people living in the area today. C. There is significant DNA evidence linking the Ukok Princess to modern local populations D. The excavation site was in a border area between Russia and China. E. There are many customs that are similar between the ancient Pazyryk and the local community.

ANTH 102 LAB 10 11 18. Which of the following is not true of the facial reconstruction method the archaeologists used to argue that the Ukok Princess was likely Caucasian? (select only 1 answer) A. Facial reconstruction sculpting can be influenced by the sculptor’s and researchers’ preconceived notions about race and racial differences B. Facial reconstruction sculpting is a very scientific process with very few errors and there are never disputes among specialists and researchers about whether the outcome is correct or not. C. Even within a population, there is a broad range of difference in people’s appearances, so describing a race as all looking the same is not accurate, which makes accurate facial reconstruction sculpting extremely difficult. D. Identifying the race of an ancient mummy has important legal and emotional implications for people who feel they are modern descendants of the mummy and so facial reconstruction sculpting should not be done without their consent and input. E. DNA is a more reliable way of determining whether an ancient mummy is related to a modern population or not, and it can be done without needing to rely on broad categories of race. It should be used instead of facial reconstruction sculpting. 19. The results of the DNA test conducted on the Ukok Princess determined that she was genetically related to the modern people living in the Altay today, but even without DNA evidence there are many things that support the local population’s claim that they are related to the Ukok Princess. Which of the following is NOT true about their claim? (select only 1 answer) A. The Ukok plain is still considered a sacred place that should not be disturbed today. B. The practice of horse sacrifice at funerals was conducted by people in the Altay in modern times. C. There are written family trees that prove that the local population are related to the Ukok Princess. D. Many of the religious symbols found in the Ukok Princess’s burial are still important to the local population. E. The Ukok Princess was found in territory the local population considers to be their homeland. 20. Ultimately, the Ukok Princess mummy was repatriated to a local museum in the Altay. Which of the following best summarizes the feelings of the local community about this outcome? (select only 1 answer) A. They are glad that the Ukok Princess will be returned to them, and they are excited to be able to visit her in their local museum. B. They feel that the Ukok Princess should be stored in a museum that is farther away but has more financial resources to care for and protect the mummy. C. They are excited about the Ukok Princess discovery and they want the archaeologists to do more excavations so they will have more things to put in their museum. D. They are protesting the repatriation and insisting the Ukok Princess be reburied. E. They are interested in the many artifacts that the archaeologists discovered, and glad that the Ukok Princess will return to her homeland, but they are sad that she must be displayed in the museum instead of being reburied.

ANTH 102 LAB 10 12 21. This film originally aired in 1997. Since then, the mummy has been returned to the museum in the Altay, but many of the artifacts with her, including all of her clothing ended up in another museum, so that the mummy was sent to her new home naked. Though the SAA ethical standards do not specifically deal with the treatment of human remains, which of the following ethical issue would be of concern here? (select only 1 answer) A. Ensuring that the general public, and not just modern ancestors, have access to information and artifacts about ancient communities B. Respecting the burial practices of ancient populations C. Treating human remains with dignity D. Preserving all human remains from a burial site carefully for future study E. All of the above 22. Which of the following ethical standards from the SAA list were violated in the “Ice Maiden” case? (Choose the answer which most directly applies to this case) (select only 1 answer) A. Stewardship B. Accountability C. Commercialization D. Public Education and Outreach E. Intellectual Property F. Publication G. Records and Preservation H. Training and Resources I. Safe Educational and Workplace Environments 23. Of the many ethical concerns shown in this video, which one is most concerning to you? Why do you feel that way? You may use evidence presented in the video and/or in the introduction video in your answer. (Answer in 2-4 complete sentences) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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ANTH 102 LAB 10 13 Activity 4: The Chicago Excavation Project In this activity, you will be writing your responses to a hypothetical situation where Chicago becomes an archaeological site in the future. Use the information provided below, and the information from the introduction video in formulating your answers. Task: Read the description of a hypothetical archaeological excavation called, The Chicago Excavation Project. Think about how your wishes would be for the way your own home was excavated and answer the short answer questions below. The Chicago Excavation Project Imagine that the year is 2221. Many years ago, the city of Chicago was depopulated, but an archaeologist from a British University wants to excavate parts of the city to learn about Chicago’s history and what life was like before the city fell into ruin. One of the areas they have selected for excavation includes your neighborhood and parts of the UIC campus. A British museum has agreed to cover all costs, but only if they can keep all of the materials the archaeologist recovers, including any artifacts and human remains. The archaeologist is concerned about this stipulation because there are still many families (your descendants!) who have strong ties to Chicago’s history and who may feel that some of those materials should be returned to them—or not disturbed in the first place. The archaeologist is unsure of whether to conduct this project or not. When the archaeologist tells the museum of their concerns, the museum says that if the excavation is not done, the museum will have no choice but to purchase materials from the many looters who have been targeting the city over the last 20 years. The museum reminds the archaeologist that nearly all of the Tiffany glass windows from what once was Navy Pier have already been stolen and that large pieces of the Chicago Cultural Center have been appearing in the collections of private collectors. The museum also points out that a rival Canadian museum has recently acquired the statue known as “The Bean,” making them the leading authority on Chicago in the early 2000’s. The archaeologist knows that without this research the daily lives of people in Chicago might be lost forever, but there are so many things to consider. 24. What advice would you give the archaeologist? Do you think they should conduct this project? Why or why not? (2-3 sentences) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

ANTH 102 LAB 10 14 25. What advice might you give the museum? Do you think they should change their research objectives? Why or why not? (2-3 sentences) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 26. Does the fact that this research is being done by representatives of a foreign country affect your opinions about it? Why or why not? (1-2 sentences) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 27. How could this research be done in a way that seems ethical to you? What specific steps would you take in carrying out excavations for the Chicago Excavation Project? (2-3 sentences) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

ANTH102_Online_Lab10_DigitalLabPacket_F23

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