Understanding Indigenous Gender Roles and Urban Connections

1. Concepts of Indigenous gender include: Select one: a. A male/female gender binary b. Males have specific roles and responsibilities c. Females were highly revered d. Gender was seen as being on a spectrum 2. In Indigenous contexts, how were gender roles determined? Select one: a. Biological b. Cultural c. Economic d. Shamans 3. In Barbara Bodenhorn's description of Iñupiat worldview, what were women's roles in hunt? Select one: a. Carry the equipment b. Repel predatory animals c. Attract the animals d. Kill the animals 4. What did women gain from the implementation of the Indian Act? Select one: a. Ability to hold private property b. Access to more efficient governance models c. Greater capacity to exchanging goods d. Indian status 5. Egalitarianism principles include: Select one: a. Structured patriarchal views b. Interrelatedness and accountability c. Matriachal governance values d. Gender discrimination 6. Which of the following would most urban Indigenous people consider important elements of informal networks in cities?:

Select one: a. Municipal service organizations b. Extended family c. Religious orders d. Sporting teams 7. In Indigenous contexts, urban centres are often referred to as Native 'hubs' because they serve as central connection points with other, often rural spaces. What do they connect? Select one: a. Extended family b. Cultures c. Economies d. All of the above 8. How do southern Inuit communities maintain connections within southern cities? Select one: a. Through the sharing of food b. Through the creation of TV programming c. Through the arranged marriages of Inuit from different cities d. Through the creation of a centralized 'hub' in the north that connects Inuit from different southern cities 9. What are some of the main reasons for the creation of urban reserves? Select one: a. Economic reasons b. Social reasons c. Cultural reasons d. Spiritual reasons 10. How might Indigenous poverty be different from First Nations residents living on their First Nation? Select one: a. The poverty is worse in cities b. There are fewer economic opportunities in the city c. There is a higher level of prejudice endured by urban Indigenous residents

d. Fewer people are willing to help in the city 11. Based on the theory of Indigenous communities explained, which type of community may also be considered an Indigenous nation? Select one: a. Mythic community b. Temporary Invented community c. Ongoing Invented Community d. Sited Community 12. Within Indigenous kinship systems, which statement is false? Select one: a. You have to be related through a blood line b. Includes immediate relatives c. Includes extended relatives d. Allows members to benefit from family community 13. The Idle No More Movement of 2012-2013 formed as a result of: Select one: a. Concern over the environment and Indigenous rights b. The need for more traditional activities, like round dances and powwows. c. Call to action for more of a land base for Aboriginal peoples d. The need to return to traditional family kinship systems 14. Chief Toghestiy gave an eagle feather to the Apache Corporation as: Select one: a. An act of war b. An offering of peace c. A sign from the Creator d. A warning to trespassers 15. Idle No More is a particularly good example of: Select one: a. How movements can succeed without social media b. A grassroots movement focused on a single cause

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c. A local Indigenous community making national headlines d. An Indigenous movement with non-Indigenous allies 16. What material from the Pacific Northwest was traded widely throughout the plains for thousands of years? Select one: a. Dentalium shells b. Porcupine quills c. Oolichan oil d. Buffalo robes 17. Nadia Myre uses this traditional art material to make a political statement about the Indian Act. Select one: a. Porcupine Quills b. Catlinite c. Cedar d. Beads 18. What piece of Canadian legislation does Nadia Myre bead to make a political statement? Select one: a. The Constitution Act b. Environmental Protection Act c. The Indian Act d. Bill C-31 19. In what ways did the sketch "Indian Store” by the 1491s comment on the legacy of colonialism? Select one: a. It is wrong to sell Indigenous cultural items b. Satire is effective at highlighting racist norms c. Indigenous political issues have no place in the arts d. Indigenous arts and crafts are effective tools of decolonization 20. How did Rebecca Belmore engage with community in her piece called, "Trace” ? Select one: a. Asked community to excavate clay

b. Held community meetings to decide on the type of project c. Invited community to create clay beads d. Asked community to help install her piece in The Canadian Museum of Human Rights 1 ） What did not influence the Indigenous art? Select one: a. Distinct worldviews b. Networks of trade c. Geographical location d. Material wealth 2 ） Settler colonialism imposes what kind of social system? Select one: a. Patriarchy b. Egalitarianism c. Oligarchy d. Matriarchy 3 ） What was the underlying issue behind the "Spirit Sings” exhibit at the Calgary Winter Olympics in 1986? Select one: a. Brought attention to the resource extraction at Lubicon Cree Nation b. Artists were not paid fairly for their work c. There was not enough diversity in the exhibit from outside Alberta d. Event organizers were seen to hold 'romanticized' ideals about Indigenous art 4 ） What fails to describe the drive behind contemporary Indigenous art? Select one: a. Past is the present b. Individual expression c. Reclamation of lost culture d. Wealth

5 ） Indigenous feminism is a return to: Select one: a. Matriarchal societies b. Indigenous sovereignty c. Heteropatriarchy d. Egalitarian principles 6 ） Which of the following government policies did not impact Indigenous women directly? Select one: a. Bill C-31 b. Bill C-3 c. Indian Act, 1951 amendment d. British North America Act 7 ） In Barbara Bodenhorn's description of Iñupiat worldview, what were women's roles in hunt? Select one: a. Attract the animals b. Repel predatory animals c. Carry the equipment d. Kill the animals 8 ） When explorers and settlers first arrived, Indigenous art was seen as: Select one: a. Important ceremonial objects b. Objects of practical purposes c. Primitive d. Identifying markers of 'evolution and progress’ 9 ） When creating a social movement, which is NOT a key characteristic? Select one: a. Longstanding collective memories are shared through oral tradition b. People are brought together for a specific cause c. Individuals share a common goal or purpose d. A diverse group of people come together 10 ） Prior to contact, gender in Indigenous contexts was seen as: Select one: a. Matrifocal

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b. Androcentric c. Complimentary d. Hierarchical 11 ） What legal document did Sandra Lovelace cite was violated when she lost her Indian status? Select one: a. The Indian Act b. United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) c. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights d. Bill C-31 12 ） This NYC event in 2014 is a great example of how environmental activism can form communities. Select one: a. Unisto’ot'en Camp b. Idle No More c. Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls March d. People's Climate March 13 ） Which of the following would most urban Indigenous people consider important elements of informal networks in cities?: Select one: a. Sporting teams b. Municipal service organizations c. Extended family d. Religious orders 14 ） Chief Toghestiy gave an eagle feather to the Apache Corporation as: Select one: a. An act of war b. A sign from the Creator c. An offering of peace d. A warning to trespassers 15 ） How do urban Indigenous forms of political representation differ from those on First Nations? Select one: a. They are disproportionately headed by women b. They are elected

c. They are voluntary d. They are illegal 16 ） Based on the theory of Indigenous communities explained, which type of community may also be considered an Indigenous nation: Select one: a. Mythic community b. Ongoing Invented Community c. Sited Community d. Temporary Invented community 17 ） What does the image of the "Indian Princess” give to Indigenous women? Select one: a. Examples of feminist icons b. Gendered moral ambiguity c. Narratives of power and agency d. Objectifying their socio-economic roles 18 ） How did Indigenous artists deny the 'expected and traditional' understandings of Indigenous Art at Expo 67? Select one: a. All their art represented cultural stories and beliefs b. Artists refused to participate c. Artists displayed modernist abstract work d. Artists boycotted Expo 67 19 ） Prior to contact the gender roles of Indigenous societies were not: Select one: a. Always static b. Complementary c. Could cross boundaries d. Pretty clearly defined 20 ） Mythic communities create a sphere of commonality that does NOT stem from similar forms of: Select one: a. Fights for Indigenous rights b. Oppression c. Racial qualities

d. Dispossession of land 21 ） Within an Indigenous context, 'community' does NOT include: Select one: a. Freedoms b. Relationship and reciprocity c. Entitlements d. Respect 22 ） Hall argues that identity is often thought to contain an underlying "essence”. Which of the following examples does Hall list as examples of this essence? Select one: a. Dreamed histories b. Written histories c. Psychic memories d. Shared culture 23 ） What suggestions did the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples have for improving urban Aboriginal governance? Select one: a. conserve Indigenous traditions b. Connect urban decision making to First Nation reserve-based structures c. Create governance structures that are shaped by national Aboriginal organizations d. change existing public institutions to include urban Indigenous residents 24 ） Nadia Myre uses this traditional art material to make a political statement about the Indian Act. Select one: a. Beads b. Catlinite c. Cedar d. Porcupine Quills 25 ） Within the colonial project, Indigenous women were relegated to what gendered domain? Select one: a. Domestic

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b. Political c. Economic d. Cultural 26 ） Which Indigenous women's group formed in the the early 1970s? Select one: a. Stolen Sisters and Indian Rights for Indian Women b. Native Women's Association of Canada and Indigenous Women's Law Association c. Stolen Sisters and Native Women's Association of Canada d. Indian Rights for Indian Women and the Native Women's Association of Canada 27 ） What impact did Residential Schools have on Indigenous conceptions of gender and sex? Select one: a. Taught children to be ashamed of their culture and language b. Taught boys to hunt and girls to pick berries c. Taught children to be open to gender variance d. Taught children gender specific Western roles according to their sex 28 ） Within Indigenous kinship systems, which statement is false: Select one: a. You have to be related through a blood line b. Allows members to benefit from family community c. Includes extended relatives d. Includes immediate relatives 29 ） Which of the following materials was NOT a large part of the North American trading networks? Select one: a. Bentwood cedar boxes b. Catlinite c. Coast Salish beads d. Dried fish 30 ） Why are Halloween costumes like 'Pocahontas' dangerous to Indigenous women? Select one: a. Unrealistic body expectations

b. Gender conforming c. Damaging stereotypes d. Too sexually revealing 31 ） Who was not part of the PNIAI? Select one: a. Alex Janvier b. Daphne Odjig c. Bill Reid d. Brian Jungen 32 ） What would changing organizations look like to better foster urban Indigenous governance?: Select one: a. Permanent subcommittees "attached” to existing councils b. Provide permanent positions on existing municipal governance structures c. A focus on local-level governance, like school boards d. Add non-Indigenous experts to existing organizations 33 ） An example of Iñupiat worldviews includes women being more influential than men in: Select one: a. Hunting b. Leadership c. Carving d. Ceremonial activities 34 ） Concepts of Indigenous gender include: Select one: a. A male/female gender binary b. Females were highly revered c. Gender was seen as being on a spectrum d. Males have specific roles and responsibilities 35 ） How might Indigenous poverty be different from First Nations residents living on their First Nation? Select one: a. The poverty is worse in cities b. There is a higher level of prejudice endured by urban Indigenous residents c. Fewer people are willing to help in the city d. There are fewer economic opportunities in the city

36 ） This event triggered and energized Indigenous claims to Kanienkehaka sovereignty: Select one: a. Idle No More b. Unist'ot'en Camp c. Pacific Trails Pipeline d. Oka Crisis 37 ） What piece of Canadian legislation does Nadia Myre bead to make a political statement? Select one: a. Bill C-31 b. The Indian Act c. Environmental Protection Act d. The Constitution Act 38 ） In Matrilineal societies Indigenous men were: Select one: a. Leaders - chosen by other men b. Slaves c. The ones who chose women leaders d. Leaders - chosen by Clan mothers 39 ） How long has colonial patriarchy challenged Indigenous feminism? Select one: a. Since the Indian Act of 1876 b. Since 1492 c. Since the Charlottetown Accord of 1982 d. SInce Canada's Confederation in 1867 40 ） The message behind the protests and marches on Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, Girls demands: Select one: a. A return to traditional social communities b. An increase in traditional territories c. Social Justice against gendered colonial violence d. Policies protecting the environment 41 ） This broad unifying type of community consists of a range of people who have shared values or experiences: Select one: a. Status Indians

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b. Sited community c. Tribal community d. Mythic community 42 ） Which of the following answers does Indigenous feminism not works towards: Select one: a. Creating safe spaces for third and fourth gender categories b. Inclusion of Indigenous women in political, social, economic and cultural realms c. Reclaiming and reimagining traditions surrounding gender roles d. Restructuring Indigenous societies to become more patriarchal 43 ） The MMIW social movement does NOT include: Select one: a. A communal memory of the past b. Memorials for the missing and murdered c. The creation of a tribal community d. Indigenous and non-Indigenous people working together 44 ） In what ways can urban centres be understood as 'engines of cultural power'? Select one: a. The creation of powwows that mirror what local First Nations do b. The creation of new, blended cultures c. The creation of new forms of art, music and food d. The creation of new elementary schools 45 ） What is not a contemporary expression of "traditional” Indigenous art? Select one: a. Tree box making b. Quill work c. Beading d. Stained glass 46 ） What does the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples mean by a 'community of interest' model?: Select one: a. That all Indigenous residents of a city form a 'community of interest' governing model

b. That Indigenous peoples must prepare to acculturate into the larger population c. That the community of interest include both urban and non- urban Indigenous residents d. That all residents of an urban space who are interested in Indigenous issues form governing structures 47 ） Egalitarianism principles include: Select one: a. Gender discrimination b. Matrilocal societies c. Interrelatedness and accountability d. Structured patriarchal views 48 ） The concept of 'place' is a crucial aspect of Belmore's piece called "Trace”.This is represented by: Select one: a. The geographical location of the participating community members b. Where the Red River Valley clay gumbo was excavated c. "Trace” representing the buffalo hunt from Pembina to Red River d. The place where "Trace” is currently installed 49 ） Conceptualization of gender in Indigenous contexts can be described as: Select one: a. Third or fourth categories b. Gendered binaries c. Individualistic power d. First or second categories 50 ） The fundamental critique of the engagement with social media is that activism in cyberspace might unintentionally discourage activism in the street. Why?: Select one: a. Not everyone has a computer or smartphone b. Activists must choose between Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram c. Activists might feel a false sense of accomplishment d. Not all social media platforms allow for anonymity

51 ） The legal cases of Lavell and Lovelace v. Canada addressed: Select one: a. Land claims issues in BC raised by Indigenous women b. Voting rights for Indigenous women c. Gender discrimination against Indigenous women d. Residential school abuses against Indigenous women 52 ） What type of community was created in the Indigenous climate activism that culminated in the People's Climate March in 2014? Select one: a. Figurative social community b. Indigenous cultural community c. Sited community d. Ongoing invented communitycross 53 ） Cross gendered or third and fourth gender Indigenous people were not: Select one: a. Highly regarded b. Ceremonial people c. Healers d. Highly promiscuous 54 ） What does not represent European views of Indigenous art and people? Select one: a. Artifacts belong in a museum b. Save dying cultures c. Markers of evolution and progress d. Art and objects are animate 55 ） Which Indigenous Women's group challenged the process of the Charlottetown Accord in 1992? Select one: a. Native Women's Association of Canada b. Indian Rights for Indian Women c. Stolen Sisters d. Indigenous Women's Law Association

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56 ） How did Christi Belcourt address the issue of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) with art? Select one: a. Created a large blanket with images of MMIWG sewn into it. b. Organized 'Walking With Our Sisters' c. Painted a giant mural dedicated to the MMIWG. d. Held a candlelight vigil for families and friends of MMIWG 57 ） What are some of the main reasons for the creation of urban reserves?: Select one: a. Economic reasons b. Cultural reasons c. Spiritual reasons d. Social reasons 58 ） Who was the first Indigenous artist to be included in the National Art Gallery of Canada? Select one: a. Jackson Beardy b. Carl Beam c. Jane Ash Poitras d. Norval Morrisseau 59 ） The second wave of feminism can generally be described as: Select one: a. Dealt with issues of gender, race, economic and social injustices b. Dealt with matters of family, sexuality and work c. Wealthy white women gaining the vote d. The suffragette movement 60 ） The Idle No More Movement of 2012-2013 formed as a result of: Select one: a. Concern over the environment and Indigenous rights b. Call to action for more of a land base for Aboriginal peoples c. The need to return to traditional family kinship systems d. The need for more traditional activities, like round dances and powwows.

61 ） The Unist'ot'en Camp arose as a resistance communi ty as a response to: Select one: a. The Keystone Pipeline b. The Pacific Trails Pipeline c. The Oka Crisis d. Climate change 62 ） The most significant advantage of Indigenous activists using social media is the: Select one: a. Ability to operate anonymously b. Facilitation of creating groups with email notifications c. Dynamic nature of the platforms d. International reach 63 ） Indigenous Women's movements formed mostly due to: Select one: a. The lack of representation in legal reforms and government debates b. Lack of Indigenous women's voting rights. c. The need to include Two Spirit people d. To challenge Bill C-31 in the Indian Act 64 ） In Sharon McIvor's court case which of the following is not one of her three positions? Select one: a. Authority over land claims b. Remove discriminatory parts of the Indian Act c. Restore rights to those who lost Indian status d. Band control over band membership 65 ） Contemporary feminism is generally described as: Select one: a. Restoration of Indigenous women to a place of respect and honour b. Issues concerning sexuality and gender c. Issues that deal with gender, race, economic and social injustices d. Issues that concern Generation Xers 66 ） The Navajo word nádleeh means: Select one:

a. Process of change b. Asexual person c. Hermaphrodite d. Two spiritedness 67 ） In Indigenous contexts, urban centre are often referred to as Native 'hubs' because they serve as central connection points with other, often rural spaces. What do they connect? Select one: a. Extended family b. Cultures c. Economies d. All of the above 68 ） How many artists make up the group, Professional Native Indian Artists Incorporated (PNIAI)? Select one: a. 6 b. 9 c. 8 d. 7 69 ） Prior to contact, Indigenous women's roles and responsibilities did not include the following: Select one: a. Warriors b. Sailors c. Leaders d. Caretakers of the Land 70 ） How did Rebecca Belmore engage with community in her piece called, "Trace”? Select one: a. Asked community to help install her piece in The Canadian Museum of Human Rights b. Invited community to create clay beads c. Asked community to excavate clay d. Held community meetings to decide on the type of project 71 ） Which of the following concepts does not link colonization to MMIWG? Select one: a. Science and technology

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b. Complementary gender roles c. Domestic gendered roles d. Resource Extraction 72 ） What did women gain from the implementation of the Indian Act? Select one: a. Indian status b. Ability to hold private property c. Access to more efficient governance models d. Greater capacity to exchanging goods 73 ） What material from the Pacific Northwest was traded widely throughout the plains for thousands of years? Select one: a. Oolichan oil b. Buffalo robes c. Porcupine quills d. Dentalium shells 74 ） How do southern Inuit communities maintain connections within southern cities?: Select one: a. Through the creation of a centralized 'hub' in the north that connects Inuit from different southern cities b. Through the sharing of food c. Through the creation of TV programming d. Through the arranged marriages of Inuit from different cities 75 ） What was the double mother clause? Select one: a. Great grandchildren of women that lost status could not receive Indian status b. Women losing status due to marrying non status men c. Children who had non status father's d. Indigenous people referring to their mother's sisters as mothers. 76 ） The first wave of feminism can be seen as: Select one: a. Women fighting for rights in the matters of family, sexuality and work.

b. Suffragette movement (consisting of mainly wealthy white women) working to gain the right to vote. c. All women gaining the right to vote d. Women wanting to keep their last names when they marry. 77 ） In what ways did the sketch "Indian Store” by the 1491s comment on the legacy of colonialism? Select one: a. It is wrong to sell Indigenous cultural items b. Indigenous political issues have no place in the arts c. Satire is effective at highlighting racist norms d. Indigenous arts and crafts are effective tools of decolonization 78 ） Idle No More is a particularly good example of: Select one: a. An Indigenous movement with non-Indigenous allies b. A grassroots movement focused on a single cause c. A local Indigenous community making national headlines d. How movements can succeed without social media. 79 ） Which of the following best describes Indigenous feminism: Select one: a. Matriarchy b. b. Equality for all genders c. Matrilineal societies d. Patriarchy 80 ） What is a distinctive element of urban Indigenous protests as compared with other Indigenous protests? Select one: a. The engagement with a variety of community members b. The use of social media to facilitate marches, round dances, etc. c. That it has extensive connections with reserve based political protest d. That it is characterized by male leadership 31. Which of the following was not a gendered tactic of colonization? Select one: a. Reserve system b. Numbered Treaties c. Residential Schools

d. The Indian Act 47. The Unist'ot'en Camp arose as a resistance community as a response to: Select one: a. The Oka Crisiscross out b. The Pacific Trails Pipelinecross out c. The Keystone Pipelinecross out d. Climate change 59.What characteristic does not describe Haudenosaunee society: Select one: a. Matrifocal b. Matriarchal c. Matrilocal d. Matrilineal

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NS201 Final

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