Intro to Forensic Anthropology: Anatomical Terminology & Skeleton

ANTH 176 Intro Forensic Anthropology LAB I : Anatomical Terminology LAB I: Anatomical Terminology & Skeletal System Instructions: Read each station carefully and using your lecture notes, course text, and human bone manual complete the following stations. Additional resources include lectures and eskeletons.org. Part 1. Anatomical Terminology Station 1. Fully d efine anatomical position in the space below. Anatomical position means that the body is positioned in a way that is: - Standing erect, facing observer - Legs are together - Feet are flat and forward - Head is level and eyes are looking forward - Hands are at the side with palms facing forward Why is this term so important? Important because it provides a clear and consistent way to describe human anatomy and physiology What is the difference between being supine compared to prone ? Supine means you’re on your back and prone means you’re on your front 1

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ANTH 176 Intro Forensic Anthropology LAB I : Anatomical Terminology Station 2. Identify the anatomical planes (A-D) in the figure below and enter them into the following table next to the appropriate letter. Also give a brief definition for each one. 3 Plane Definition A Sagittal Divides body into left and right parts B Coronal Divides body into anterior and posterior parts C Transverse Divides body into superior and inferior parts D Oblique Not perpendicular to the other planes

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ANTH 176 Intro Forensic Anthropology LAB I : Anatomical Terminology Station 3. Identify the anatomical directions (A-N) in the figure below and enter them into the following table next to the appropriate letter. Also give a brief definition for each one and mark (x) the appropriate box as to whether they are dependent or independent relative to anatomical position. Direction Definition Dep. Indep. A Anterior Front x B Posterior Back x 4

C Superior Above x D Inferior Below x E Medial Towards Midline x F Lateral Away from midline x G Proximal Towards body/head x H Distal Away from the body/head x I Deep Internal from surface x J Superficial Toward Surface x K Cranial Toward head x L Caudal Toward tail x M Ventral Belly side x N Dorsal Back side x ANTH 176 Intro Forensic Anthropology LAB I : Anatomical Terminology Part 2: Skeletal System Station 4: The skeleton principally consists of five tissues and elements, list them here: - Bones 5

- Cartilage - Tendons - Ligaments - Teeth Bone is a composite tissue, including both organic and inorganic parts. Based on the lectures and your course readings, what are the main organic and inorganic components of bone, and what properties do they contribute to bone tissue? Organic - Cells, osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts - Collagen fibers, provides flexibility for our bones - Ground substance Inorganic (65% of mass) - Hydroxyapatite, makes our bones hard enough that they provide good protection and allow finer movements Station 5: Identify the divisions of the skeleton (A-D) in the figure below (indicated in blue or by arrows) and enter them into the following table. Division Definition A Axial Head and trunk B Appendicular Limbs C Cranial Head D Postcranial Everything other than head 6

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ANTH 176 Intro Forensic Anthropology LAB I : Anatomical Terminology Station 6. Bone Structures are the general features that most bones share, although not all bones have the same shape. Label the different structures and explain their function. Structure Function A Epiphyses End of the bones; hematopoiesis and protection of spongy bone B Diaphysis Shaft of the bone, thick collar of compact bone and protects inner strctures C Periosteum Covers outer surface, contains collagen, bone repair D Endosteum Covers inner surface, bone repair E Medullary Cavity Hematopoiesis and stores fat( red and yellow marrow) F Cortical bone Dense bone that provides strength and protection G Trabecular (spongy) bone Transfers mechanical loads from articular surface cortical bone H Articular cartilage Cushuoins the surfaces where the bones meet ANTH 176 Intro Forensic Anthropology LAB I : Anatomical Terminology 7 H.

Station 7. Bones are commonly recognized to belong to four different classes that are determined by their general morphology. Using your course text or the bone manual name one bone for each class and explain its shape. Class Bone Description Short Patella, carpals, tarsals Cube like bones Long Limbs (Except patella and wrist) Shaft with 2 ends Flat Sternum, ribs, skull Thin, flattened, usually curved Irregular Vertebrae, skull, hips Bones with irregular shapes 8

ANTH 176 Intro Forensic AnthropologyLAB I

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