SCS-200 3-1_Module Three Short responses

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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SCS 200

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Anthropology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Module Three Question 1 In the textbox provided, brainstorm a list of keywords related to your topic. 1. Development of prehistoric hierarchical caste systems 2. Diet related to class ranking 3. Wealth gap between elite and low-class families 4. Mental health of lower ranking individuals 5. Legal system and social ranking Module Three Question 2 Now type those keywords into an Internet search engine, such as Google. Spend some time looking through the results. In the textbox below, jot down the titles and hyperlinks of a few of the most interesting articles and websites that come up in your search. Write down at least one article and the corresponding hyperlink for each keyword or group of keywords. 1. Ancient Teeth Reveal Social Stratification Dates Back to Bronze Age Societies https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ancient-teeth-reveal-social-stratification- dates-back-to-bronze-age-societies/ 2. Economic Inequality: It's Far Worse Than You Think https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/economic-inequality-it-s-far-worse-than- you-think/ 3. Why Is Caste Inequality Still Legal in America? https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/25/opinion/caste-discrimination-us-federal- protection.html 4. How Are Income and Wealth Linked to Health and Longevity? https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/49116/2000178-How-are- Income-and-Wealth-Linked-to-Health-and-Longevity.pdf Module Three Question 3 What are you finding? What new information have you learned about this issue? What new questions or thoughts do you have now that you have done some preliminary research? My findings according to the origins of class or caste based systems stretches back to as least 4,000 years ago in ancient Germany. The study indicates that a group of patrilocal tribal farmers may passed down heirloom items giving them rank and other uncovered

remains at the dig site were buried with nothing. The article brings up the noticeable difference between the dental DNA of both burial groups, denoting the male farmers had a area specific diet and the female remains showed signs of movement throughout their upbringing. The aforementioned information is new to me, but not uncommon in other prehistoric burial sites. Some more modern era information on the gradient between economic wellbeing and health denotes the specific demographics of how low income families reporting poorer health and having a higher risk of disease than the wealthy individuals. Module Three Question 4 Can you narrow your focus at all? If so, what do you wish to focus on? If you have a few options, what are they? (You don't necessarily need to narrow your focus. Mark found this helpful to do because his topic is very broad.) The area that I would narrow my focus to would have to be the societal hierarchy of ancient civilizations. The first of the three option would be the ancient civilization of Sumeria. The second option would be the societal hierarchy of ancient Egypt, and the last option would the societal structure of the Ancient Maya. Module Three Question 5 Based on the broad search, refine the list of keywords that you created on the previous page. List here any keywords or keyword combinations that returned results that are relevant to your social science issue. Then, note which keywords or combinations you will no longer use, as they returned off-topic or overly broad results. Targeted 1. Hierarchical development in Africa 2. mental and dietary health differences between nobles and servants 3. Social structures in pre-Columbian society 4. Social structures in Ancient Mesopotamian cities 5. Effects of religion of the development of class systems 6. legal systems and societal ranks Broad 1. Diet, related to class in ancient societies - broad 2. Class systems of ancient societies - broad 3. origins of class systems - broad

Module Three Question 6 What professional organizations (other than social science organizations) might have relevant information about your issue? For example, someone researching war might utilize information provided by the United States Department of Defense. Find 1-2 organizations, and note them here. The first organization that would have pertinent information as it relates to my topic is the Scientific American. The second organization that could be of great assistance would be the World History Encyclopedia. Module Three Question 7 Now select one of the digital libraries or organizations mentioned in this learning block (Shapiro Library, Google Scholar, etc.), and plug your keywords into that site. What credible sources come up in your search? Repeat this step with at least one more digital library/organization. In the textbox, type the titles of 6-8 of the most relevant results along with the corresponding hyperlinks so you can locate these resources later. Note which digital library/organization you used to find each study. The credible sources that were provided range from accredited Universities, Museums, and Science based groups such as the Smithsonian magazine. 1. The Archaeology of Food and Social Inequality in the Andes https://www.jstor.org/stable/42635578. Found on https://www.jstor.org/ 2. Social Structure in Ancient Egypt - https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1123/social- structure-in-ancient-egypt/. Found on World History Encyclopedia 3. Of gods, glyphs and kings: divinity and rulership among the Classic Maya https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/abs/of-gods-glyphs-and- kings-divinity-and-rulership-among-the-classic-maya/ 1BFBE3B7166F0A7CE0D078EF2001CE93#. Found on Google Scholar 4. Code of Ur-Nammu - Sumerian Law https://www.worldhistory.org/Code_of_Ur- Nammu/ Found on World History Encyclopedia. 5. Politics and the Political System of the Ancient Maya https://www.thoughtco.com/politics-of-the-ancient-maya-2136171 Found on ThoughtCo.com. 6. 3,300-Year-Old Egyptian Skeletons Reveal Lower Classes' Hard Lives https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/3300-year-old-egyptian-skeletons-reveal- lower-classes-hard-lives/ - Found on Scientific American. Module Three Question 8

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Collect any information, links, articles, reports, or other resources that are relevant to your issue and capture this additional information in the text box below. Again, be sure to include links to your resources so you can easily locate them later. JSTOR - How Class Works: Power and Social Movement - https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt32bp76 JSTOR - Historical Studies of Social Mobility and Stratification - https://www.jstor.org/stable/25735086 JSTOR - Burial Mounds in Europe and Japan: Comparative and Contextual Perspectives - https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1228gf7 Module Three Question 9 Begin by noting the title of the resource and including a link to it. Is this source current? Note the publication date or a date indicating when the content was last updated. Answer in complete sentences, being sure to include supporting evidence from your source to support your conclusions. The article is titled, "3,300-Year-Old Egyptian Skeletons Reveal Lower Classes' Hard Lives" By Tia Ghose, LiveScience which was published on March 19, 2013 - https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/3300-year-old-egyptian-skeletons-reveal-lower- classes-hard-lives/. The date of this article is considered a recent update on the topic of classism in Ancient Egyptian society. Module Three Question 10 Is this source relevant? Note the portion of the text that you believe clearly relates to your research question. Consider whether this source provides an overview of the issue you are interested in, or whether it makes some specific important point. The provided source is directly related to my narrow parameters in the search for the early history of class based systems and the health as it related to each tier. "The researchers' conclusions: Life was hard at Amarna. The children had stunted growth, and many of the bones were porous due to nutritional deficiency, probably because the commoners lived on a diet of mostly bread and beer, Stevens told LiveScience. More than

three-quarters of the adults had degenerative joint disease, likely from hauling heavy loads, and about two-thirds of these adults had at least one broken bone. The findings suggest that the rapid construction of Amarna may have been especially hard on the commoners. Based on the size of the bricks found in nearby structures, each worker likely carried a limestone brick weighing 154 pounds (70 kilograms) in assembly-line fashion. Erecting the city's structures so quickly would have required workers to repeatedly carry out such heavy lifting. That could have caused the joint disease the skeletons revealed (Ghose, 2013)." Reference - Ghose, T. L. (2013, March 19). 3,300-Year-Old Egyptian Skeletons Reveal Lower Classes' Hard Lives. Scientific American. Retrieved May 16, 2022, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/3300-year-old-egyptian-skeletons-reveal-lower- classes-hard-lives/ Module Three Question 11 Is this source accurate? Note whether the source has been published in a peer-reviewed journal or credible organization, and the organization's name. Note whether the source includes a list of references and citations. Give your opinion on the source's presentation &dash; is it clear, organized, professional, and free of errors? Yes, this source is accurate and published on a accredited scientific journalism website. The American University in Cairo Egyptologist Salima Ikram and University of Cambridge archaeologist Anna Stevens are documented in the discover in this article. The article has noted links for citations and correlated scientific studies in the region. The article is clear and free of errors and has a highly professional style. Module Three Question 12 Is this source authoritative? Note the author's credentials. If no author is given, note whether the publishing organization is credible, and the organization's name again. Yes, the author of the article is in a authoritative position and is accredited for several dozens science related articles. The author Tia Ghose is the managing editor and was previously a senior writer for Live Science. Her work has appeared in Scientific American, Wired.com and other outlets. She holds a master's degree in bioengineering from the University of Washington, a graduate certificate in science writing from UC Santa Cruz and a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Texas at Austin. Tia was part of a team at the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel that published the Empty Cradles series on preterm births, which won multiple awards, including the 2012 Casey Medal for Meritorious Journalism.

Module Three Question 13 Are there any red flags that make you concerned that this source may not be scholarly? For example, are there any clearly biased passages? Are the references all very old? Are there many spelling and grammatical errors? Note any and all concerns you may have. After reading the article and research the original post on a separate site, I could find on errors in the source. There are the biased passages and the references as given by the Archaeologists and Egyptologists mentioned in the source are above board. The article is considered up to date research as the discover in this field can take years to uncover.

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SCS-200 3-1_Module Three Short responses

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