Energy Skate Park Lab_6
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School
University of Houston, Clear Lake *
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Course
PHYS-232
Subject
Aerospace Engineering
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
8
Uploaded by jobey77
-1- Energy Skate Park Before you begin the lab: ✓
Have a timer ready to use on your phone or tablet ✓
Open the Energy Skate Park PhET simulation on your device: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/energy-skate-park-basics ✓
For this week you can use either Excel or Logger Pro to graph the data. You can download LoggerPro 3.0
with these instructions: Logger Pro
3.15 Downloads
Windows 10, 8.1, 7 Link: http://www.vernier.com/d/ydzrm
macOS 10.14, 10.13, 10.12, 10.11, 10.10 Link: http://www.vernier.com/d/r8sku
Detailed Instructions For more details on how to download and install Logger Pro
, see: https://www.vernier.com/til/2069/
For Older Computers
For Windows and Mac computers that are no longer receiving updates, you will need an older version of Logger Pro. If your version is not listed below, please contact us at support@vernier.com
. Windows 8 Link: https://www.vernier.com/d/rcsq5
Password: conservation Windows XP and Vista Link: https://www.vernier.com/d/7tjc0
Password: climate Mac OS X 10.9 Link: https://www.vernier.com/d/oewti
Password: experiment Mac OS X 10.8 Link: https://www.vernier.com/d/pdwat
-2- Password: exploration Mac OS X 10.7 Link: https://www.vernier.com/d/dpen3
Password: experiment ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Purpose You are investigating the relationship between kinetic energy, potential energy, and total energy when only conservative forces are present and then again when non-conservative forces are present. The data will be analyzed graphically in order to provide a clear trend. Directions
Part 1- Conservative Forces
1.
Open Energy Skate Park
. Choose Intro
. 2.
Take time to play around with the simulation. Make sure all boxes are checked. What do you notice about the total energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy in the bar graph? The potential energy increases as the skater moves up the half pipe and decreases to zero as she makes her way to the bottom. The kinetic increases as the skater moves down the half pipe and decreases to zero as she makes her way upward. The total energy increases with potential energy the higher up you move the skater. When the skater is released, the total energy remains at the same amount as it did in the beginning throughout that trial. What do you notice about the pie graph? What must you do in order to get the pie graph to be larger? The pie charts ratio of energy changes with the skaters movement. The pie chart gets bigger as the skater increases her distance from the ground before she starts moving. 3.
You are measuring the changes in energy- total, kinetic, and potential over time. To do this, we need to define our system. This is a skater-earth system
. 4.
We also need to establish numbers for mass and speed. 2-m/s 4-m/s 6-m/s 8-m/s 10-m/s 12-m/s 14-m/s 16-m/s 18-m/s
-3- Choose “Slow Motion.” Place the 20-kg skater at 6-m and start the timer when you hit play. Pause both timer and sim when the skater is at 4-m, 2-m, 0-m, and 6-m. Record the height, speed, and time in the table below. Continue recording until you’ve reached 30-s. 5.
Calculate the potential energy, kinetic energy, and total energy of the system using the data from #4. PEg = mgy = (20kg)(9.8m/s
2
)(4m) = 784J KE = 1/2mv
2
= 1/2(20kg)(6m/s)
2
= 360J Total energy = 784J + 360J = 1144J Time (s) Height (m) Velocity (m/s) 0- 6-m 0-m/s 2.01 4 6 2.94 2 9 3.86 0 11 4.80 2 9 5.69 4 6 7.79 6 0 9.94 4 6 10.80 2 9 11.69 0 11 12.65 2 9 13.46 4 6 15.57 6 0 17.82 4 7 18.64 2 9 19.43 0 11 19.99 2 8 20.91 4 6 22.89 6 0 25.16 4 7 10-kg 20-kg 30-kg
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-4- 6.
Graph the three data sets in #5 using Logger Pro or in Excel. Describe the results and trends that you observe. Time (s) (x-axis) Potential Energy (J) (y-axis) Kinetic Energy (J) (y-axis) Total Energy (J) (y-axis) 0- 1176 0 1176 2.01 784 360 1144 2.94 392 810 1202 3.86 0 1210 1210 4.80 392 810 1202 5.69 784 360 1144 7.79 1176 0 1176 9.94 784 360 1144 10.80 392 810 1202 11.69 0 1210 1210 12.65 392 810 1202 13.46 784 360 1144 15.57 1176 0 1176 17.82 784 490 1274 18.64 392 810 1202 19.43 0 1210 1210 19.99 392 640 1032 20.91 784 360 1144 22.89 1176 0 1176 25.16 784 490 1274
-5- Part 2- Non-conservative Forces
7.
Click “Friction” at the bottom of the simulation. 8.
Take time to play around with this simulation. Make sure all boxes are checked. What do you notice about the total energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy in the bar graph? Kinetic energy increases as the skater nears the bottom of the half pipe and decreases as she moves towards the upward. The amount of kinetic energy slowly decreases to zero as the skater nears a complete stop. Potential energy increases as the skater moves higher up the half pipe and decreases as she moves towards the bottom. The amount of potential slowly decreases as the skater nears a complete stop. Total energy increases the further from the ground the skater is before she begins to move and remains constant throughout the trial. What do you notice about the final thermal energy & the total energy once the skater has stopped? The thermal energy continues to increase as the skater slows down and equals the amount of total energy when the skater stops. 0
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Energy
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-6- 9.
You are measuring the changes in energy- total, kinetic, and potential over time. To do this, we need to establish numbers for mass and speed as well as our system: This is a skater-earth
system
. 10.
Choose “Slow Motion.” Place the 20-kg skater at 6-m and start the timer when you hit play. Pause both timer and sim when the skater is at 4-m, 2-m, 0-m, and 6-m. Record the height, speed, and time in the table below. Continue recording until you’ve reached 30
-s. Time Height Velocity 0-s 6-m 0-m/s 2.19 4 6 3.09 2 8 3.90 0 10 4.86 2 7 6.38 4 3 8.60 4 3 9.66 2 6 10.75 0 9 10-kg 20-kg 30-kg
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-7- 11.
Calculate the potential energy, kinetic energy, and total energy of the system using the data from #10. 12.02 2 4 15.61 2 4 16.97 0 7 18.46 2 3 21.08 2 3 22.48 0 6 25.37 2 1 29.02 0 6 Time (s) (x-axis) Potential Energy
(J) (y-axis) Kinetic Energy
(J) (y-axis) Thermal Energy (y-axis
)(J) Total Energy
(J) (y-axis) 0-s 1176 0 0 1176 2.19 784 360 32 1176 3.09 392 640 144 1176 3.90 0 1000 17 1176 4.86 392 490 294 1176 6.38 784 90 302 1176 8.60 784 90 302 1176 9.66 392 360 424 1176 10.75 0 640 536 1176 12.02 392 160 624 1176 15.61 392 160 624 1176 16.97 0 490 686 1176 18.46 392 90 694 1176
-8- 12.
Graph the four data sets in #11 using Logger Pro or Excel. Describe the results and trends that you observe. The PE and KE fluctuate as the skater moves up and down the ramp. As she begins to decrease in height and speed due to friction, both PE and KE fluctuate at lower values because they are being converted into thermal energy. As friction continues to work on the system, the thermal energy gradually increases throughout the trial until it equals the total energy when the skater stops. 21.08 392 90 686 1176 22.48 0 90 694 1176 25.37 392 10 774 1176 29.02 0 360 816 1176 0
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Energy
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Non Conservative Forces
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