Unit Assignment 1

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University of Michigan *

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Accounting

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Apr 3, 2024

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Unit Assignment #1 Part I – Accrual vs. Cash Accounting Company A begins its financial year on January 1 and ends the year on December 31. Please indicate the net effect of the following transactions on the year-end financial statements (increase, decrease, no change) for Company A. Only consider the impact of the immediate transaction – DO NOT consider future use of the item. For example, Company A buys inventory on credit (i.e., debits inventory and credits accounts payable). Consider just the impact of the purchase, not the impact of the potential future sale. Net Effects on Assets Net Effects on Liabilities Net Effects on Equity Net Effects on Revenues Net Effects on Expenses Increase Increase No change No change No change A) On December 29, Company A received a large order for their product. The customer paid $50,000 at the time of the order (i.e., December 29) and agreed to pay another $50,000 upon delivery of the product. Company A planned to deliver the product on the next day but their loading dock was damaged and the goods were not delivered until February 1 of next year. Net Effects on Assets Net Effects on Liabilities Net Effects on Equity Net Effects on Revenues Net Effects on Expenses Increase Increase No change No change No change B) On December 31, Company A paid cash for $100,000 of van insurance providing coverage for March and April of next year. Net Effects on Assets Net Effects on Liabilities Net Effects on Equity Net Effects on Revenues Net Effects on Expenses No change No change No change No change No change Debit cash and pre paid insurance revenue thus no change in net effects on assets We don’t record expenses until we use up the revenue, so there’s no change on net effect son expenses.
Part II – Revenue Recognition Refer to Tesla’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (provided below), and the attached footnotes, to answer the following questions. 1. Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes Tesla’s revenue recognition practices with respect to its automotive sales segment ? ( Circle/Highlight one ) a. A substantial amount is recognized when the automobile is delivered to the customer. b. A substantial amount is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the vehicle. c. A substantial amount is recognized when cash is paid by the customer. d. A substantial amount is recognized at the time that software updates are delivered to the customer. 2. When does Tesla recognize revenue related to its Full Self Driving (“FSD”) feature? ( Circle/Highlight one ) a. When the vehicle is delivered to the customer. b. At the time the functionality is delivered to the customer. c. At the time that software updates are delivered to the customer. d. Recognized over the estimated useful life of the vehicle. 3. What do you think about the revenue recognition method for the Full Self Driving feature discussed in question 2 above? Why do you think it makes (or does not make) sense? Be brief and explicit and be sure to fully support your arguments. It makes sense to recognize the revenue when Tesla finished providing liabilities to its customers and before fully provided all the services to the customer, the company doesn’t actually gain revenue on accounting sense. 2
4. As of December 31, 2021, what was the total value of all goods and services that Tesla owes its customers, and therefore not yet recognized as revenue (ignore customer deposits)? Answer: Calculations and/or explanations: $2052+$1447= $ 3499 (Deferred revenue) 5. How much revenue will Tesla recognize in 2022 if they do not have any additional sales in 2022 (ignore customer deposits)? Answer: How much of this revenue is related to its automotive sales ? Answer: Calculations and/or explanations: If the company doesn’t make any sales in 2022, they will just end up collecting the money from the previous year which is $1477. In year 2021, they made the sale for $1465, and this amount counts for the collectibles. 3 $3499 $1477 $1465
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Part III – Inventory 1. Company A sells sunglasses. It began 2021 with no inventory. During the year 2021, the company purchased 500 sunglasses for $25 each and sold each unit for $200. The year-end inventory count indicated 100 sunglasses remaining on the last day of 2021. The company uses LIFO (and the periodic cost system). a. Which statement is true? (Circle/Highlight only one) i. The cost of goods sold in 2021 would be higher if they applied FIFO than if they applied LIFO or average cost. ii. The cost of goods sold in 2021 would have been highest using the average cost method rather than FIFO or LIFO. iii. The cost of goods sold in 2021 would be higher if they applied LIFO than if they applied FIFO or average costs. iv. The cost of goods sold in 2021 would be the same regardless of the cost flow assumption (LIFO, FIFO or average costs). b. What is the balance of the LIFO reserve at 12.31.2021? LIFO reserve 12.31.2021= $ 0 Explanation : The reserve would be 0 because the company only bought inventory once and there’s not a later inventory to compare it with. 2. On January 1, 2022, Company A learns that its sunglasses are not useful in blocking the sun and concludes that it can only sell each pair of sunglasses for $50 (instead of the original price of $200). What would be the effect on Company A’s assets, given that each unit sold comes with an original box that costs $5? Net effect on Assets (Circle/Highlight only one): Increase / Decrease / No change Explanation : The company now is making less money by selling at a lower price while the cost maintains the same. 3. How would your answer to (C) change if they can sell each unit for only $10 (instead of the original price of $200)? Net effect on Assets (Circle/Highlight only one): Increase / Decrease / No change Explanation : The company is now making even less profit because the price is lower. 7
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4. Company ABC sells a very popular M-Watch. They began 2021 with 400 units, which they purchased from a supplier for $10 each. During 2021, the firm purchased 300 more units at a cost of $14 each. They sold 450 units during 2021. The company is using FIFO (and the periodic cost system). Calculate the ending inventory and Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) amounts for 2021. (i) Ending Inventory 12.31.2021= $ (ii) Cost of Goods Sold 2021 = $ 4,070 Explanation : Ending inventory is (400+300-450) * $10= $3500 Cost of goods sold = 400*$10+50*14$= $4070 because the cost for the first 400 units is $10 each, and the cost for the next 50 units cost $14 each. 9 3500
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