Pearson eText for Chemistry: structures...2nd EditionNivaldo Tro Publisher: PEARSON+ISBN: 9780136951537
Pearson eText for Chemistry: structures...
Solutions for Pearson eText for Chemistry: structures and Properties -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Problem 3E:
What is a perpetual motion machine? Can such a machine exist given the laws of thermodynamics?Problem 4E:
Is it more efficient to heat your home with a natural gas furnace or an electric furnace? Explain.Problem 6E:
Explain the difference between the spontaneity of a reaction (which depends on thermodynamics) and...Problem 7E:
What is the precise definition of entropy? What is the significance of entropy being a state...Problem 10E:
Based on its fundamental definition, explain why entropy is a measure of energy dispersion.Problem 11E:
State the second law of thermodynamics. How does the second law explain why heat travels from a...Problem 12E:
What happens to the entropy of a sample of matter when it changes state from a solid to a liquid?...Problem 13E:
Explain why water spontaneously freezes to form ice below 0°C even though the entropy of the water...Problem 14E:
Why do exothermic processes tend to be spontaneous at low temperatures? Why does their tendency...Problem 16E:
Predict the spontaneity of a reaction (and the temperature dependence of the spontaneity) for each...Problem 18E:
Why is the standard entropy of a substance in the gas state greater than its standard entropy in the...Problem 19E:
How does the standard entropy of a substance depend on its molar mass? On its molecular complexity?Problem 20E:
How can you calculate the standard entropy change for a reaction from tables of standard entropies?Problem 21E:
Describe the three different methods to calculate G for a reaction. Which method would you choose to...Problem 22E:
Why is free energy “free”?Problem 23E:
Explain the difference between G and G .Problem 24E:
Why does water spilled on the floor evaporate even though G for the evaporation process is positive...Problem 25E:
How do you calculate the change ¡n free energy for a reaction under nonstandard conditions?Problem 26E:
How does the value of G for a reaction relate to the equilibrium constant for the reaction? What...Problem 31E:
Calculate the change in entropy that occurs in the system when 1.00 moIe of ¡sopropyl alcohol...Problem 33E:
Calculate the change ¡n entropy that occurs in the system when 45.0 g of acetone (C3H6O) freezes at...Problem 35E:
Without doing any calculations, determine the sign of Ssys for each chemical reaction....Problem 37E:
Without doing any calculations, determine the sign of Ssys for and Ssurr each chemical reaction. In...Problem 39E:
Calculate Ssurr at the indicated temperature for each reaction. Hrxn=385kJ;298K Hrxn=385kJ;77K...Problem 41E:
Given the values of Hrxn , Srxn and T, determine Suniv and predict whether each reaction is...Problem 45E:
Calculate the free energy change for the reaction at 25°C. Is the reaction spontaneous?...Problem 48E:
Predict the conditions (high temperature, low temperature, all temperatures, or no temperatures)...Problem 50E:
What is the molar entropy of a pure crystal at 0 K? What is the significance of the answer to this...Problem 51E:
For each pair of substances, choose the one that you expect to have the higher standard molar...Problem 52E:
For each pair of substances, choose the one that you expect to have the higher standard molar...Problem 53E:
Rank each set of substances in order of increasing standard molar entropy (S°). Explain your...Problem 55E:
Use data from Appendix IIB to calculate Srxn for each of the reactions. In each case, try to...Problem 56E:
Use data from Appendix IIB to calculate Srxn for each of the reactions. In each case, try to...Problem 57E:
Find S for the formation of CH2Cl2(g) from its gaseous elements in their standard states....Problem 59E:
Methanol burns in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. Write a balanced equation for the...Problem 60E:
In photosynthesis, plants form glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Write a...Problem 61E:
For each reaction, calculate Hrxn , Srxn and Grxn , and Grxn at 25°C and state whether the reaction...Problem 62E:
For each reaction calculate Hrxn , Srxn and Grxn at 25°C and state whether the reaction is...Problem 63E:
Use standard free energies of formation to calculate G at 25°C for each reaction in Problem 61How do...Problem 64E:
Use standard free energies of formation to calculate G at 25°C for each reaction in Problem 62How...Problem 65E:
Consider the reaction: 2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g) Estimate G for this reaction at each temperature and...Problem 67E:
Determine G for the reaction: Fe2O3(s)+32O2(g)2Fe(s)+3CO2(g) Use the following reactions with known...Problem 69E:
Consider the sublimation of iodine at 25.0°C: I2(s)I2(g) Find Grxn at 25.0°C. Find Grxn at 25.0°C...Problem 70E:
Consider the evaporation of methanol at 25.0°C. CH3OH(l)CH3OH(g) Find Grxn at 25.0°C Find Grxn at...Problem 71E:
Consider the reaction: CH3OH(g)CO(g)+2H2(g) Calculate G for this reaction at 25°C under the...Problem 72E:
Consider the reaction: CO2(g)+CCl4(g)2COCl2(g) Calculate G for this reaction at 25°C under the...Problem 73E:
Use data from Appendix IIB to calculate the equilibrium constant at 25°C for each reaction. 2CO( g...Problem 79E:
Consider the reaction: H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g) The following data show the equilibrium constant for this...Problem 80E:
Consider the reaction: 2N0(g) — O(g) 2N02(g) The following data show the equilibrium constant for...Problem 81E:
The change in enthalpy (Hrxn) for a reaction is 25.8 kJ/rnol. The equilibrium constant for the...Problem 85E:
Our atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen and oxygen, which coexist at 25 ?C without reacting...Problem 87E:
Ethene (C2H4) can be halogenated by the reaction: C2H4(g)+X2(g)C2H4X2(g) Where X2 can be Cl2, Br2,...Problem 88E:
H2 reacts with the halogens (X2) according to the reaction: H 2 ( g )+ X 2 ( g )2HX( g ) where X2...Problem 89E:
Consider this reaction occurring at 298 K: N2O(g)+NO2(g)3NO(g) Show that the reaction is not...Problem 90E:
Consider this reaction occurring at 298 K: BaCO3(s)BaO(s)+CO2(g) Show that the reaction is not...Problem 93E:
These reactions are important in catalytic converters in automobiles. Calculate G ° for each at 298...Problem 95E:
All the oxides of nitrogen have positive values of Gf at 298 K, but only one common oxide of...Problem 97E:
Consider the reaction X2(g)2X(g) . When a vessel initially containing 755 torr of X2 comes to...Problem 99E:
Indicate and explain the sign of Suniv for each process. 2H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(l)at298K the electrolysis...Problem 100E:
The Haber process is very important for agriculture because it converts N2(g) from the atmosphere...Problem 101E:
A metal salt with the formula MCl2 crystallizes from water to form a solid with the composition...Problem 102E:
The solubility of AgCI(s) in water at 25°C is 1.33105mol/L , and its H of solution is 65.7 k/mol....Problem 103E:
Review the subsection in this chapter entitled Making a Nonspontaneous Process Spontaneous in...Problem 104E:
Calculate the entropy of each state and rank the states in order of increasing entropy.Problem 105E:
Suppose we redefine the standard state as P=2atm . Find the new standard Gf values of each...Problem 106E:
The G for the freezing of H2O(l) at 10°C is 210 J/mol, and the heat of fusion of ice at this...Problem 107E:
Consider the reaction that occurs during the Haber process: N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) The equilibrium...Problem 108E:
The salt ammonium nitrate can follow three modes of decomposition: (a) to HNO3(g) and NH3(g), (b) to...Problem 109E:
Given the tabulated data, calculate Svap for each of the first four liquids. ( Svap=Hvap/T , where T...Problem 112E:
Consider the changes in the distribution of nine particles into three interconnected boxes shown...Problem 116E:
The reaction A(g)B(g) has an equilibrium constant of 5.8 and under certain conditions has = 336....Problem 121E:
Calculate G at 25°C for the reaction in the previous question. Is this reaction spontaneous under...Problem 1SAQ:
Which reaction Is most likely to have a positive Ssys ? 3NO2(g)+H2O(l)2HNO3(l)+NO(g)...Problem 3SAQ:
Arrange the gases—F2, Ar, and CH3F—in order of increasing standard entropy ( S ) at 298 K. CH3FF2Ar...Problem 6SAQ:
For a certain reaction Hrxn=255kJ and Srxn=211J/K . Calculate Grxn at 55C . 6.95103kJ 11.9103kJ...Problem 8SAQ:
s8. Use standard free energies of formation to calculate Grxn for the balanced chemical equation:...Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter E - Essentials: Units, Measurement, And Problem SolvingChapter 1 - AtomsChapter 2 - The Quantum-mechanical Model Of The AtomChapter 3 - Periodic Properties Of The ElementsChapter 4 - Molecules And CompoundsChapter 5 - Chemical BondingChapter 6 - Chemical BondingChapter 7 - Chemical Reactions And Chemical QuantitiesChapter 8 - Introduction To Solutions And Aqueous ReactionsChapter 9 - Thermochemistry
Chapter 10 - GasesChapter 11 - Liquids, Solids, And Intermolecular ForcesChapter 12 - Crystalline Solids And Modern MaterialsChapter 13 - SolutionsChapter 14 - Chemical KineticsChapter 15 - Chemical EquilibriumChapter 16 - Acids And BasesChapter 17 - Aqueous Ionic EquilibriumChapter 18 - Free Energy And ThermodynamicsChapter 19 - ElectrochemistryChapter 20 - Radioactivity And Nuclear ChemistryChapter 21 - Organic ChemistryChapter 22 - Transition Metals And Coordination Compounds
Sample Solutions for this Textbook
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Chapter E, Problem 1EChapter 1, Problem 1EChapter 2, Problem 1EChapter 3, Problem 1EChapter 4, Problem 1EChapter 5, Problem 1ELewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and...Gases in the earth atmosphere such as CO2 traps the suns radiation emitted from the planet’s...Chapter 8, Problem 1E
Chapter 9, Problem 1EPostulates of kinetic molecular theory: The gas particles are considered to be very small; the...Chapter 11, Problem 1EChapter 12, Problem 1EChapter 13, Problem 1EChapter 14, Problem 1EChapter 15, Problem 1EChapter 16, Problem 1EChapter 17, Problem 1EChapter 18, Problem 1EWhen an atom loses electrons, it undergoes oxidation and has an increase in its oxidation state,...The process in which the unstable nuclei of an atom attains stability by loss of energy (in terms of...Aromatic compounds are known for their aroma or scent. They have delocalized electrons and...Chapter 22, Problem 1E
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