Chapter 22, Problem 1E

When a transition metal atom forms an ion, which electrons are lost first?

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: When a transition metal atom forms an ion, which electrons are lost first.

Answer to Problem 1E

Solution: When a transition metal forms an ion, the electrons in the s-orbitals are lost first.

Explanation of Solution

The transition metals have the general electronic configuration [A] ns^x(n-1)d^x. Here [A] = nearest noble gas, n = is the row (period) number of the element. For example, for a first row transition metal, which is in the 4^th period. Electronic configuration is [Ar] 4s^x(3)d^x. The value of x is determined from the group in which the element is present. For example, Co: [Ar] 4s²3d⁷.

Generally when a metal forms a cation, the outer most electrons that are in the highest energy state are lost. In transition metals, present in fourth period the 4s orbital is the highest energy orbital. So when it ionizes 4s electrons are lost first.

Conclusion

Hence, when a transition metal forms an ion, the electrons in the s-orbitals are lost first.