Chapter 9.13, Problem 42PTS

 (a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reagents should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Reagent: reagent is a compound or compound mixture that is used in the chemical transformation of the reactions. Reagents for some reactions are given below.

• Elimination reaction: in elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.
• Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.
• Addition reaction: in addition reaction, two substituents are added to the reactant without losing any compound.
• Hydration: addition of water molecule across the double bond is called hydration reaction. Hydration of alkene can be achieved in many ways.
• Oxy mercuration-demercuration: this process undergoes through the addition of water according to Markovnikov’s rule without forming carbocation as intermediate.
• Hydroboration-oxidation reaction: addition of –H and –OH group across the double bond in presence of borane and hydrogen peroxide with base is known as hydroboration-oxidation reaction.
• Simple hydration in acidic media gives the addition product through carbocation intermediate.
• Hydro halogenation: hydrogen and halogen added across the double bond of the alkene in Markovnikov’s path is called hydro halogenation. This addition reaction proceeds via anti-Markovnikov’s path in presence of peroxides.

To find: the reagent for the given transformation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reagents should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Reagent: reagent is a compound or compound mixture that is used in the chemical transformation of the reactions. Reagents for some reactions are given below.

• Elimination reaction: in elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.
• Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.
• Addition reaction: in addition reaction, two substituents are added to the reactant without losing any compound.
• Hydration: addition of water molecule across the double bond is called hydration reaction. Hydration of alkene can be achieved in many ways.
• Oxy mercuration-demercuration: this process undergoes through the addition of water according to Markovnikov’s rule without forming carbocation as intermediate.
• Hydroboration-oxidation reaction: addition of –H and –OH group across the double bond in presence of borane and hydrogen peroxide with base is known as hydroboration-oxidation reaction.
• Simple hydration in acidic media gives the addition product through carbocation intermediate.
• Hydro halogenation: hydrogen and halogen added across the double bond of the alkene in Markovnikov’s path is called hydro halogenation. This addition reaction proceeds via anti-Markovnikov’s path in presence of peroxides.

To find: the reagent for the given transformation.

 (c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reagents should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Reagent: reagent is a compound or compound mixture that is used in the chemical transformation of the reactions. Reagents for some reactions are given below.

• Elimination reaction: in elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.
• Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.
• Addition reaction: in addition reaction, two substituents are added to the reactant without losing any compound.
• Hydration: addition of water molecule across the double bond is called hydration reaction. Hydration of alkene can be achieved in many ways.
• Oxy mercuration-demercuration: this process undergoes through the addition of water according to Markovnikov’s rule without forming carbocation as intermediate.
• Hydroboration-oxidation reaction: addition of –H and –OH group across the double bond in presence of borane and hydrogen peroxide with base is known as hydroboration-oxidation reaction.
• Simple hydration in acidic media gives the addition product through carbocation intermediate.
• Hydro halogenation: hydrogen and halogen added across the double bond of the alkene in Markovnikov’s path is called hydro halogenation. This addition reaction proceeds via anti-Markovnikov’s path in presence of peroxides.

To find: the reagent for the given transformation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reagents should be predicted for the given transformations.

Concept introduction:

Reagent: reagent is a compound or compound mixture that is used in the chemical transformation of the reactions. Reagents for some reactions are given below.

• Elimination reaction: in elimination reaction, two substituents are removed from the substrate to give the product in presence of base.
• Elimination of compound in presence of bulky base leads to less substituted alkene, in presence of strong base (not bulky) leads to more substituted alkene.
• Addition reaction: in addition reaction, two substituents are added to the reactant without losing any compound.
• Hydration: addition of water molecule across the double bond is called hydration reaction. Hydration of alkene can be achieved in many ways.
• Oxy mercuration-demercuration: this process undergoes through the addition of water according to Markovnikov’s rule without forming carbocation as intermediate.
• Hydroboration-oxidation reaction: addition of –H and –OH group across the double bond in presence of borane and hydrogen peroxide with base is known as hydroboration-oxidation reaction.
• Simple hydration in acidic media gives the addition product through carbocation intermediate.
• Hydro halogenation: hydrogen and halogen added across the double bond of the alkene in Markovnikov’s path is called hydro halogenation. This addition reaction proceeds via anti-Markovnikov’s path in presence of peroxides.

To find: the reagent for the given transformation.