Chapter 9, Problem 9.83P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for more strength of $\text{C}-\text{C}$ bond in ${\text{F}}_3\text{C}-{\text{CF}}_3$ than $\text{C}-\text{C}$ bond in ${\text{H}}_3\text{C}-{\text{CH}}_3$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

An ionic bond is formed by the interaction of a metal with a non-metal. A polar covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons between nonmetals of different electronegativity while the nonpolar covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons between nonmetals of similar electronegativity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The enthalpy of reaction for the heterolytic cleavage of ${\text{O}}_2$ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

An ionic bond is formed by the interaction of a metal with a non-metal. A polar covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons between nonmetals of different electronegativity while the nonpolar covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons between nonmetals of similar electronegativity.

In heterolytic cleavage, the electron density is on one atom and there is formation of cation and anion in the cleavage. The formation of cation requires ionization energy and the formation of anion requires electron affinity.