(a) Interpretation: Flow chart for the process should be prepared. Also, the degree of freedom for the process should be determined. Concept introduction: Flow chart for the process is determined on the values of input and output that is the amount of feed entered in the reactor and product formed also helps to predict the amount accumulated during formation of product. This gives the relation,which is defined as, Input-output = Accumulation. The flow sheet for the process is shown below, For a single reaction system, the final moles of each of the components present, can be estimated by the equation: n i = n i o + v i ξ Here, n i is the final moles of the component i , n i o is the initial moles of the component i , v i is the stoichiometric coefficient of the component i in the reaction and ξ is the extent of the reaction. v i is taken as negative for reactants and positive for products. Mole fraction ( y i ) of any component is given by: y i = n i ∑ n i Here, n i is the moles of component i and ∑ n i is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Question

Hydrogen (H₂) is considered a clean energy carrier. For its use as a fuel, hydrogen is stored at 5 bar insidea cylindrical tank made of nickel (Ni) with 7 cm inner diameter, 1.2 mm thickness, and the length of L. Thetank is maintained at 358 K. Unfortunately, a small amount of hydrogen diffuses out of the tank, slowlydepleting its contents. You may assume that the hydrogen pressure outside the tank is essentially zero andconvective resistance inside and outside of the cylinder is negligible.• Solubility of H2 in Ni at 358 K = 0.00901 kmol/m3·bar• DH2, Ni at 358 K = 1.2 x 10-12 m2/sCalculate the maximum length of the nickel tank wall to ensure that the hydrogen loss does not exceed0.01 kg per year.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Flow chart for the process should be prepared. Also, the degree of freedom for the process should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Flow chart for the process is determined on the values of input and output that is the amount of feed entered in the reactor and product formed also helps to predict the amount accumulated during formation of product.

This gives the relation,which is defined as,

Input-output = Accumulation.

The flow sheet for the process is shown below,

For a single reaction system, the final moles of each of the components present, can be estimated by the equation:

ni=nio+viξ

Here, ni is the final moles of the component i, nio is the initial moles of the component i, vi is the stoichiometric coefficient of the component i in the reaction and ξ is the extent of the reaction. vi is taken as negative for reactants and positive for products.

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The set of equation identifying the process for the given data should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Volumetric flow rate is defined as the product of area for the flow and cross sectional velocity having unit of cubic feet/second.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The values of all equations calculated in part (b) should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Volumetric flow rate is defined as the product of area for the flow and cross sectional velocity having unit of cubic feet/second.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The value of total heat requirements in kW for methane and oxygen preheater should be determined. Also, the value of temperature attained in convertor should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The amount of heat transferred is

Q = ∑out nH^i − ∑in nH^i

∑out nH^i is the heat of formation of products.

∑in nH^i is the heat of formation of reactants.

The enthalpies of reactants and products depends on the heat capacity and temperature.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The additional steps can be included in the absorber and stripper off gas should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Flow chart for the process is determined on the values of input and output that is the amount of feed entered in the reactor and product is formed also helps to predict the amount accumulated during formation of product.

This gives the relation, which is defined as

Input-output = Accumulation.

The flow sheet for the process is shown below,

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Hydrogen (H₂) is considered a clean energy carrier. For its use as a fuel, hydrogen is stored at 5 bar insidea cylindrical tank made of nickel (Ni) with 7 cm inner diameter, 1.2 mm thickness, and the length of L. Thetank is maintained at 358 K. Unfortunately, a small amount of hydrogen diffuses out of the tank, slowlydepleting its contents. You may assume that the hydrogen pressure outside the tank is essentially zero andconvective resistance inside and outside of the cylinder is negligible.• Solubility of H2 in Ni at 358 K = 0.00901 kmol/m3·bar• DH2, Ni at 358 K = 1.2 x 10-12 m2/sCalculate the maximum length of the nickel tank wall to ensure that the hydrogen loss does not exceed0.01 kg per year.

You just took out a cold soda can (at 1 oC) from the refrigerator. Calculate thetemperature of the soda can after the can is placed in a room (at 31 oC, h = 100 W/m2-K) for 60 mins (we all know that soda tastes much better when it is cold!). • k = 0.617 W/m-K, density = 996 kg/m3, Cp = 4178 J/Kg-K• Height = 10 cm & Diameter = 5 cmCalculate the temperature of the soda can surface at the middle point of the heightusing 2-D analysis.

A thick nickel wall is exposed to pure 5 bar H2(g) at 85 oC on one side of its surface (13 pts).(a) Assuming thermodynamic gas-solid equilibrium, calculate the H2 concentration at the surface ofthe nickel wall. (b) Assuming that the concentration of H2 at the surface is constant, determine the concentration ofH2 at the penetration depth in percentage of its concentration at the wall surface

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Flow chart for the process should be prepared. Also, the degree of freedom for the process should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Flow chart for the process is determined on the values of input and output that is the amount of feed entered in the reactor and product formed also helps to predict the amount accumulated during formation of product.

This gives the relation,which is defined as,

Input-output = Accumulation.

The flow sheet for the process is shown below,

For a single reaction system, the final moles of each of the components present, can be estimated by the equation:

ni=nio+viξ

Here, ni is the final moles of the component i, nio is the initial moles of the component i, vi is the stoichiometric coefficient of the component i in the reaction and ξ is the extent of the reaction. vi is taken as negative for reactants and positive for products.

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The set of equation identifying the process for the given data should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Volumetric flow rate is defined as the product of area for the flow and cross sectional velocity having unit of cubic feet/second.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The values of all equations calculated in part (b) should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Volumetric flow rate is defined as the product of area for the flow and cross sectional velocity having unit of cubic feet/second.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The value of total heat requirements in kW for methane and oxygen preheater should be determined. Also, the value of temperature attained in convertor should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The amount of heat transferred is

Q = ∑out nH^i − ∑in nH^i

∑out nH^i is the heat of formation of products.

∑in nH^i is the heat of formation of reactants.

The enthalpies of reactants and products depends on the heat capacity and temperature.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The additional steps can be included in the absorber and stripper off gas should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Flow chart for the process is determined on the values of input and output that is the amount of feed entered in the reactor and product is formed also helps to predict the amount accumulated during formation of product.

This gives the relation, which is defined as

Input-output = Accumulation.

The flow sheet for the process is shown below,

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Flow chart for the process should be prepared. Also, the degree of freedom for the process should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Flow chart for the process is determined on the values of input and output that is the amount of feed entered in the reactor and product formed also helps to predict the amount accumulated during formation of product.

This gives the relation,which is defined as,

Input-output = Accumulation.

The flow sheet for the process is shown below,

For a single reaction system, the final moles of each of the components present, can be estimated by the equation:

ni=nio+viξ

Here, ni is the final moles of the component i, nio is the initial moles of the component i, vi is the stoichiometric coefficient of the component i in the reaction and ξ is the extent of the reaction. vi is taken as negative for reactants and positive for products.

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The set of equation identifying the process for the given data should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Volumetric flow rate is defined as the product of area for the flow and cross sectional velocity having unit of cubic feet/second.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The values of all equations calculated in part (b) should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Volumetric flow rate is defined as the product of area for the flow and cross sectional velocity having unit of cubic feet/second.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The value of total heat requirements in kW for methane and oxygen preheater should be determined. Also, the value of temperature attained in convertor should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The amount of heat transferred is

Q = ∑out nH^i − ∑in nH^i

∑out nH^i is the heat of formation of products.

∑in nH^i is the heat of formation of reactants.

The enthalpies of reactants and products depends on the heat capacity and temperature.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The additional steps can be included in the absorber and stripper off gas should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Flow chart for the process is determined on the values of input and output that is the amount of feed entered in the reactor and product is formed also helps to predict the amount accumulated during formation of product.

This gives the relation, which is defined as

Input-output = Accumulation.

The flow sheet for the process is shown below,

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Flow chart for the process should be prepared. Also, the degree of freedom for the process should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Flow chart for the process is determined on the values of input and output that is the amount of feed entered in the reactor and product formed also helps to predict the amount accumulated during formation of product.

This gives the relation,which is defined as,

Input-output = Accumulation.

The flow sheet for the process is shown below,

For a single reaction system, the final moles of each of the components present, can be estimated by the equation:

ni=nio+viξ

Here, ni is the final moles of the component i, nio is the initial moles of the component i, vi is the stoichiometric coefficient of the component i in the reaction and ξ is the extent of the reaction. vi is taken as negative for reactants and positive for products.

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The set of equation identifying the process for the given data should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Volumetric flow rate is defined as the product of area for the flow and cross sectional velocity having unit of cubic feet/second.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The values of all equations calculated in part (b) should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Volumetric flow rate is defined as the product of area for the flow and cross sectional velocity having unit of cubic feet/second.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The value of total heat requirements in kW for methane and oxygen preheater should be determined. Also, the value of temperature attained in convertor should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The amount of heat transferred is

Q = ∑out nH^i − ∑in nH^i

∑out nH^i is the heat of formation of products.

∑in nH^i is the heat of formation of reactants.

The enthalpies of reactants and products depends on the heat capacity and temperature.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The additional steps can be included in the absorber and stripper off gas should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Flow chart for the process is determined on the values of input and output that is the amount of feed entered in the reactor and product is formed also helps to predict the amount accumulated during formation of product.

This gives the relation, which is defined as

Input-output = Accumulation.

The flow sheet for the process is shown below,

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 9.82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Flow chart for the process should be prepared. Also, the degree of freedom for the process should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Flow chart for the process is determined on the values of input and output that is the amount of feed entered in the reactor and product formed also helps to predict the amount accumulated during formation of product.

This gives the relation,which is defined as,

Input-output = Accumulation.

The flow sheet for the process is shown below,

For a single reaction system, the final moles of each of the components present, can be estimated by the equation:

ni=nio+viξ

Here, ni is the final moles of the component i, nio is the initial moles of the component i, vi is the stoichiometric coefficient of the component i in the reaction and ξ is the extent of the reaction. vi is taken as negative for reactants and positive for products.

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The set of equation identifying the process for the given data should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Volumetric flow rate is defined as the product of area for the flow and cross sectional velocity having unit of cubic feet/second.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The values of all equations calculated in part (b) should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Volumetric flow rate is defined as the product of area for the flow and cross sectional velocity having unit of cubic feet/second.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The value of total heat requirements in kW for methane and oxygen preheater should be determined. Also, the value of temperature attained in convertor should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The amount of heat transferred is

Q = ∑out nH^i − ∑in nH^i

∑out nH^i is the heat of formation of products.

∑in nH^i is the heat of formation of reactants.

The enthalpies of reactants and products depends on the heat capacity and temperature.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The additional steps can be included in the absorber and stripper off gas should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Flow chart for the process is determined on the values of input and output that is the amount of feed entered in the reactor and product is formed also helps to predict the amount accumulated during formation of product.

This gives the relation, which is defined as

Input-output = Accumulation.

The flow sheet for the process is shown below,

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 9.82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Flow chart for the process should be prepared. Also, the degree of freedom for the process should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Flow chart for the process is determined on the values of input and output that is the amount of feed entered in the reactor and product formed also helps to predict the amount accumulated during formation of product.

This gives the relation,which is defined as,

Input-output = Accumulation.

The flow sheet for the process is shown below,

For a single reaction system, the final moles of each of the components present, can be estimated by the equation:

ni=nio+viξ

Here, ni is the final moles of the component i, nio is the initial moles of the component i, vi is the stoichiometric coefficient of the component i in the reaction and ξ is the extent of the reaction. vi is taken as negative for reactants and positive for products.

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 9.82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Flow chart for the process should be prepared. Also, the degree of freedom for the process should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Flow chart for the process is determined on the values of input and output that is the amount of feed entered in the reactor and product formed also helps to predict the amount accumulated during formation of product.

This gives the relation,which is defined as,

Input-output = Accumulation.

The flow sheet for the process is shown below,

For a single reaction system, the final moles of each of the components present, can be estimated by the equation:

ni=nio+viξ

Here, ni is the final moles of the component i, nio is the initial moles of the component i, vi is the stoichiometric coefficient of the component i in the reaction and ξ is the extent of the reaction. vi is taken as negative for reactants and positive for products.

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The set of equation identifying the process for the given data should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Volumetric flow rate is defined as the product of area for the flow and cross sectional velocity having unit of cubic feet/second.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The set of equation identifying the process for the given data should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Volumetric flow rate is defined as the product of area for the flow and cross sectional velocity having unit of cubic feet/second.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The values of all equations calculated in part (b) should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Volumetric flow rate is defined as the product of area for the flow and cross sectional velocity having unit of cubic feet/second.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The values of all equations calculated in part (b) should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Mole fraction (yi) of any component is given by:

yi=ni∑ni

Here, ni is the moles of component i and ∑ni is the total moles of all the components present in the mixture.

Volumetric flow rate is defined as the product of area for the flow and cross sectional velocity having unit of cubic feet/second.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The value of total heat requirements in kW for methane and oxygen preheater should be determined. Also, the value of temperature attained in convertor should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The amount of heat transferred is

Q = ∑out nH^i − ∑in nH^i

∑out nH^i is the heat of formation of products.

∑in nH^i is the heat of formation of reactants.

The enthalpies of reactants and products depends on the heat capacity and temperature.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The value of total heat requirements in kW for methane and oxygen preheater should be determined. Also, the value of temperature attained in convertor should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The amount of heat transferred is

Q = ∑out nH^i − ∑in nH^i

∑out nH^i is the heat of formation of products.

∑in nH^i is the heat of formation of reactants.

The enthalpies of reactants and products depends on the heat capacity and temperature.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The additional steps can be included in the absorber and stripper off gas should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Flow chart for the process is determined on the values of input and output that is the amount of feed entered in the reactor and product is formed also helps to predict the amount accumulated during formation of product.

This gives the relation, which is defined as

Input-output = Accumulation.

The flow sheet for the process is shown below,

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The additional steps can be included in the absorber and stripper off gas should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Flow chart for the process is determined on the values of input and output that is the amount of feed entered in the reactor and product is formed also helps to predict the amount accumulated during formation of product.

This gives the relation, which is defined as

Input-output = Accumulation.

The flow sheet for the process is shown below,

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 27

Ch. 9 - The standard heat of the reaction...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.2P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.3P Ch. 9 - The standard heat of the reaction...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.5P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.6P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.7P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.8P Ch. 9 - The standard heat of combustion of gaseous ethane...Ch. 9 - The standard heat of combustion (AH°) of liquid...

Chapter 9 Solutions