The complete, detailed mechanism for the given dehydration reactions is to be drawn. Concept introduction: E1 reaction indicates an elimination unimolecular reaction. It is a two-step reaction. Step one involves an acid-base reaction. Here the protonation of alcoholic oxygen takes place, which makes it a better leaving group. This step is fast and reversible. Step two involves, the cleavage of C-O bond which allows the loss of the good leaving group to yield a carbocation intermediate. Step three is again an acid-base reaction in which a base abstracts a proton to form an alkene . Strong acid’s catalysis is needed to protonate the hydroxyl group of alcohols and turn it into a good leaving group. The first proton transfer step is essential as it avoids the formation of OH − which is a strong base and inappropriate for the strongly acidic reaction conditions.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.75P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given dehydration reactions is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

E1 reaction indicates an elimination unimolecular reaction. It is a two-step reaction.

Step one involves an acid-base reaction. Here the protonation of alcoholic oxygen takes place, which makes it a better leaving group. This step is fast and reversible. Step two involves, the cleavage of C-O bond which allows the loss of the good leaving group to yield a carbocation intermediate. Step three is again an acid-base reaction in which a base abstracts a proton to form an alkene. Strong acid’s catalysis is needed to protonate the hydroxyl group of alcohols and turn it into a good leaving group. The first proton transfer step is essential as it avoids the formation of OH− which is a strong base and inappropriate for the strongly acidic reaction conditions.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.75P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given dehydration reactions is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

E1 reaction indicates an elimination unimolecular reaction. It is a two-step reaction.

Step one involves an acid-base reaction. Here the protonation of alcoholic oxygen takes place, which makes it a better leaving group. This step is fast and reversible. Step two involves, the cleavage of C-O bond which allows the loss of the good leaving group to yield a carbocation intermediate. Step three is again an acid-base reaction in which a base abstracts a proton to form an alkene. Strong acid’s catalysis is needed to protonate the hydroxyl group of alcohols and turn it into a good leaving group. The first proton transfer step is essential as it avoids the formation of OH− which is a strong base and inappropriate for the strongly acidic reaction conditions.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.75P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given dehydration reactions is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

E1 reaction indicates an elimination unimolecular reaction. It is a two-step reaction.

Step one involves an acid-base reaction. Here the protonation of alcoholic oxygen takes place, which makes it a better leaving group. This step is fast and reversible. Step two involves, the cleavage of C-O bond which allows the loss of the good leaving group to yield a carbocation intermediate. Step three is again an acid-base reaction in which a base abstracts a proton to form an alkene. Strong acid’s catalysis is needed to protonate the hydroxyl group of alcohols and turn it into a good leaving group. The first proton transfer step is essential as it avoids the formation of OH− which is a strong base and inappropriate for the strongly acidic reaction conditions.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.75P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given dehydration reactions is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

E1 reaction indicates an elimination unimolecular reaction. It is a two-step reaction.

Step one involves an acid-base reaction. Here the protonation of alcoholic oxygen takes place, which makes it a better leaving group. This step is fast and reversible. Step two involves, the cleavage of C-O bond which allows the loss of the good leaving group to yield a carbocation intermediate. Step three is again an acid-base reaction in which a base abstracts a proton to form an alkene. Strong acid’s catalysis is needed to protonate the hydroxyl group of alcohols and turn it into a good leaving group. The first proton transfer step is essential as it avoids the formation of OH− which is a strong base and inappropriate for the strongly acidic reaction conditions.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 9.75P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given dehydration reactions is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

E1 reaction indicates an elimination unimolecular reaction. It is a two-step reaction.

Step one involves an acid-base reaction. Here the protonation of alcoholic oxygen takes place, which makes it a better leaving group. This step is fast and reversible. Step two involves, the cleavage of C-O bond which allows the loss of the good leaving group to yield a carbocation intermediate. Step three is again an acid-base reaction in which a base abstracts a proton to form an alkene. Strong acid’s catalysis is needed to protonate the hydroxyl group of alcohols and turn it into a good leaving group. The first proton transfer step is essential as it avoids the formation of OH− which is a strong base and inappropriate for the strongly acidic reaction conditions.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 9.75P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given dehydration reactions is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

E1 reaction indicates an elimination unimolecular reaction. It is a two-step reaction.

Step one involves an acid-base reaction. Here the protonation of alcoholic oxygen takes place, which makes it a better leaving group. This step is fast and reversible. Step two involves, the cleavage of C-O bond which allows the loss of the good leaving group to yield a carbocation intermediate. Step three is again an acid-base reaction in which a base abstracts a proton to form an alkene. Strong acid’s catalysis is needed to protonate the hydroxyl group of alcohols and turn it into a good leaving group. The first proton transfer step is essential as it avoids the formation of OH− which is a strong base and inappropriate for the strongly acidic reaction conditions.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 9.75P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given dehydration reactions is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

E1 reaction indicates an elimination unimolecular reaction. It is a two-step reaction.

Step one involves an acid-base reaction. Here the protonation of alcoholic oxygen takes place, which makes it a better leaving group. This step is fast and reversible. Step two involves, the cleavage of C-O bond which allows the loss of the good leaving group to yield a carbocation intermediate. Step three is again an acid-base reaction in which a base abstracts a proton to form an alkene. Strong acid’s catalysis is needed to protonate the hydroxyl group of alcohols and turn it into a good leaving group. The first proton transfer step is essential as it avoids the formation of OH− which is a strong base and inappropriate for the strongly acidic reaction conditions.

Answer 8

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Answer 9

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.1P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.2P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.3P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.4P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.5P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.6P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.7P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.8P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.9P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the complete, detailed mechanism for the given dehydration reactions.

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Chapter 9 Solutions