Chapter 9, Problem

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The preparation of $\text{60}\text{.0 mL of 0}{\text{.200 M HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ solution from $\text{4}{\text{.00 M HNO}}_{\text{3}}$  should be explained.

Concept introduction

Volumetric principle:

• In the neutralization process, the volume and concentration of initial components are equal to the volume and concentration of the final components.
• In the dilution of the chemical solutions are using this principle.
• In the dilution process, the relationship between initial and final concentrations and volumes of solutions are given in the volumetric equation and it is,

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{M}}_{\text{c}}{\text{×mL}}_{\text{c}}\text{=}{\text{M}}_{\text{d}}{\text{×mL}}_{\text{d}}\\ {\text{M}}_{\text{c}}\text{=}\text{Initial}\text{concentration}\\ {\text{mL}}_{\text{c}}\text{=}\text{Initial}\text{volume}\\ {\text{M}}_{\text{d}}\text{=}\text{Final}\text{concentration}\\ {\text{mL}}_{\text{d}}\text{=}\text{Final}\text{volume}\end{array}$

To explain the preparation of $\text{60}\text{.0 mL of 0}{\text{.200 M HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ solution from $\text{4}{\text{.00 M HNO}}_{\text{3}}$