Chemistry Atoms First2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172647
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 93E
How does the bond energy of HCl(g) differ from the standard enthalpy of formation of HCl(g) ?
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How does the bond energy of HCl(g) differ from the standard enthalpy of formation of HCl(g)?
Based on the bond energies for the reaction below, what is the enthalpy of the reaction, in kJ? H₂(g) + N₂(g) + 2 C(g) → 2 HCN(g)
Use average bond energies together with the standard enthalpy of formation of C( g) (718.4 kJ/mol) to estimate the standard enthalpy of formation of gaseous benzene, C6H6( g). (Remember that average bond energies apply to the gas phase only.) Compare the value you obtain using average bond energies to the actual standard enthalpy of formation of gaseous benzene,82.9 kJ/mol. What does the difference between these two values tell you about the stability of benzene?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry Atoms First2e
Ch. 9 - A burning match and a bonfire may have the same...Ch. 9 - Prepare a table identifying several energy...Ch. 9 - Explain the difference between heat capacity and...Ch. 9 - Calculate the heat capacity, in joules and in...Ch. 9 - Calculate the heat capacity, in joules and in...Ch. 9 - How much heat, in joules and in calories, must be...Ch. 9 - How much heat, in joules and in calories, is...Ch. 9 - How much would the temperature of 275 g of water...Ch. 9 - If 14.5 kJ of heat were added to 485 g of liquid...Ch. 9 - A piece of unknown substance weighs 44.7 g and...
Ch. 9 - A piece of unknown solid substance weighs 437.2 g....Ch. 9 - An aluminum kettle weighs 1.05 kg. (a) What is the...Ch. 9 - Most people find waterbeds uncomfortable unless...Ch. 9 - A 500-mL bottle of water at room temperature and a...Ch. 9 - Would the amount of heat measured for the reaction...Ch. 9 - Would the amount of heat absorbed by the...Ch. 9 - Would the amount of heat absorbed by the...Ch. 9 - How many milliliters of water at 23 C with a...Ch. 9 - How much will the temperature of a cup (180 g) of...Ch. 9 - A 45-g aluminum spoon (specific heat 0.88 J/g C)...Ch. 9 - The temperature of the cooling water as it leaves...Ch. 9 - A 70.0-g piece of metal at 80.0 C is placed in 100...Ch. 9 - If a reaction produces 1.506 kJ of heat, which is...Ch. 9 - A 0.500-g sample of KCI is added to 50.0 g of...Ch. 9 - Dissolving 3.0 g of CaCl2(s) in 150.0 g of water...Ch. 9 - When 50.0 g of 0.200 M NaCl(aq) at 24.1 C is added...Ch. 9 - The addition of 3.15 g of Ba(OH)28H2O to a...Ch. 9 - The reaction of 50 mL of acid and 50 mL of base...Ch. 9 - If the 3.21 g of NH4NO3 in Example 9.6 were...Ch. 9 - When 1.0 g of fructose, C6H12O6(s), a sugar...Ch. 9 - When a 0.740-g sample of trinitrotoluene (TNT),...Ch. 9 - One method of generating electricity is by burning...Ch. 9 - The amount of fat recommended for someone with a...Ch. 9 - A teaspoon of the carbohydrate sucrose (common...Ch. 9 - What is the maximum mass of carbohydrate in a 6-oz...Ch. 9 - A pint of premium ice cream can contain 1100...Ch. 9 - A serving of a breakfast cereal contains 3 g of...Ch. 9 - Which is the least expensive source of energy in...Ch. 9 - Explain how the heat measured in Example 9.5...Ch. 9 - Using the data in the check your learning section...Ch. 9 - Calculate the enthalpy of solution( H for the...Ch. 9 - Calculate H for the reaction described by the...Ch. 9 - Calculate the enthalpy of solution ( H for the...Ch. 9 - Although the gas used in an oxyacetylene torch...Ch. 9 - How much heat is produced by burning 4.00 moles of...Ch. 9 - How much heat is produced by combustion of 125 g...Ch. 9 - How many moles of isooctane must be burned to...Ch. 9 - What mass of carbon monoxide must be burned to...Ch. 9 - When 2.50 g of methane burns in oxygen, 125 kJ of...Ch. 9 - How much heat is produced when loo mL of 0.250 M...Ch. 9 - A sample of 0.562 g of carbon is burned in oxygen...Ch. 9 - Before the introduction of chlorofluorocarbons,...Ch. 9 - Homes may be heated by pumping hot water through...Ch. 9 - Which of the enthalpies of combustion in Table 9.2...Ch. 9 - Does the standard enthalpy of formation of H2O(g)...Ch. 9 - Joseph Priestly prepared oxygen in 1774 by heating...Ch. 9 - How many kilojoules of heat will be released when...Ch. 9 - How many kilojoules of heat will be released when...Ch. 9 - The following sequence of reactions occurs in the...Ch. 9 - Both graphite and diamond burn....Ch. 9 - From the molar heats of formation in Appendix G,...Ch. 9 - Which produces more heat?...Ch. 9 - Calculate H for the process Sb(s)+52Cl2(g)SbCl5(s)...Ch. 9 - Calculate H for the process...Ch. 9 - Calculate H for the process Hg2Cl2(s)2Hg(l)+Cl2(g)...Ch. 9 - Calculate H for the process Co3O4(s)3Co(s)+202(g)...Ch. 9 - Calculate the standard molar enthalpy of formation...Ch. 9 - Using the data in Appendix G, calculate the...Ch. 9 - Using the data in Appendix G, calculate the...Ch. 9 - The following reactions can be used to prepare...Ch. 9 - The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, has...Ch. 9 - Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of propane,...Ch. 9 - Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of butane,...Ch. 9 - Both propane and butane are used as gaseous fuels....Ch. 9 - The white pigment TiO2 is prepared by the reaction...Ch. 9 - Water gas, a mixture of H2 and CO2 is an important...Ch. 9 - In the early days of automobiles, illumination at...Ch. 9 - From the data in Table 9.2, determine which of the...Ch. 9 - The enthalpy of combustion of hard coal averages...Ch. 9 - Ethanol, C2H5OH, is used as a fuel for motor...Ch. 9 - Among the substances that react with oxygen and...Ch. 9 - How much heat is produced when 1.25 g of chromium...Ch. 9 - Ethylene, C2H2, a byproduct from the fractional...Ch. 9 - The oxidation of the sugar glucose, C6H12O6, is...Ch. 9 - Propane, C3H8, is a hydrocarbon that is commonly...Ch. 9 - During a recent winter month in Sheboygan,...Ch. 9 - Which bond in each of the following pairs of bonds...Ch. 9 - Using the bond energies in Table 9.3, determine...Ch. 9 - Using the bond energies in Table 9.3, determine...Ch. 9 - Draw a curve that describes the energy of a system...Ch. 9 - Explain why bonds occur at specific average bond...Ch. 9 - When a molecule can form two different structures,...Ch. 9 - How does the bond energy of HCl(g) differ from the...Ch. 9 - Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in...Ch. 9 - Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in...Ch. 9 - Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in...Ch. 9 - Using the standard enthalpy of formation data in...Ch. 9 - Complete the following Lewis structure by adding...Ch. 9 - Use the bond energy to calculate an approximate...Ch. 9 - Use principles of atomic structure to answer each...Ch. 9 - The lattice energy of LiF is 1023 kJ/mol, and the...Ch. 9 - For which of the following substances is the least...Ch. 9 - The reaction of a metal, M, with a halogen, X2,...Ch. 9 - The lattice energy of LiF is 1023 kJ/mol, and the...Ch. 9 - Which compound in each of the following pairs has...Ch. 9 - Which compound in each of the following pairs has...Ch. 9 - Which of the following compounds requires the most...Ch. 9 - Which of the following compounds requires the most...Ch. 9 - The lattice energy of KF is 794 kJ/mol, and the...
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- Compare your answers from parts a and b of Exercise 69 of Chapter 3 with H values calculated for each reaction using standard enthalpies of formation in Appendix 4. Do enthalpy changes calculated from bond energies give a reasonable estimate of the actual values?arrow_forwardA commercial process for preparing ethanol (ethyl alcohol), C2H5OH, consists of passing ethylene gas. C2H4, and steam over an acid catalyst (to speed up the reaction). The gas-phase reaction is Use bond enthalpies (Table 9.5) to estimate the enthalpy change for this reaction when 37.0 g of ethyl alcohol is produced.arrow_forwardEstimate H for the following reactions using bond energies given in Table 8.5. 3CH2=CH2(g) + 3H2(g) 3CH2CH3(g) The enthalpies of formation for C6H6(g) and C6H12 (g) are 82.9 and 90.3 kJ/mol. respectively. Calculate H for the two reactions using standard enthalpies of formation from Appendix 4. Account for any differences between the results obtained from the two methods.arrow_forward
- Using the bond dissociation enthalpies in Table 8.8, estimate the enthalpy of combustion of gaseous methane, CH4, to give water vapor and carbon dioxide gas.arrow_forwardThe standard enthalpies of formation for S(g), F(g), SF4(g), and SF6(g) are +278.8, +79.0, 775, and +1209 KJ/mol, respectively. a. Use these data to estimate the energy of an SF bond. b. Compare your calculated value to the value given in Table 3-3. What conclusions can you draw? c. Why are the Hf values for S(g) and F(g) not equal to zero, since sulfur and fluorine are elements?arrow_forwardExplain the decomposition of nitroglycerin in terms of relative bond enthalpies.arrow_forward
- Bond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forwardWhen a reaction is exothermic, is the sum of bond energies of products or of reactants greater?arrow_forwardGiven the following data: NO2(g) NO(g) + O(g)H = 233 kJ 2O3(g) 3O2(g)H = 427 kJ NO(g) + O3(g) NO2(g) + O2(g)H = 199 kJ Calculate the bond energy for the O2 bond, that is, calculate H for: O2(g) 2O(g)H = ?arrow_forward
- hat does temperature measure? Are the molecules in a beaker of warm water moving at the same speed as the molecules in a beaker of cold water? Explain? What is heat? Is heat the same as temperature?arrow_forwardCalculate the enthalpy of reaction for HCN(g)H(g)+C(g)+N(g) from enthalpies of formation (see Appendix C). Given that the CH bond enthalpy is 411 kJ/mol, obtain a value for the CN bond enthalpy. Compare your result with the value given in Table 9.5.arrow_forwardWhich statement(s) is/are true about bond enthalpy? (a) The bond energy for a triple bond between A and B is three times that of a single bond between A and B. (b) H for the breaking of a bond is always a negative number. (c) Energy is required to make a bond. (d) Bond enthalpy is defined only for bonds broken or formed in the gaseous state. (e) The presence of bonds does not influence the geometry of a molecule. However, the presence of bonds affects the value of the bond enthalpy between two atoms.arrow_forward
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