Chapter 9, Problem 9.16EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The oxidation number of carbon in the given carbon containing compound $\text{CO}$ has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation:

Loss of electrons from an atom, ion or molecule during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation.  Oxidation state of atom ion or molecule will increase in this process.  In simple it is the addition of oxygen.  Reduction is gaining of electrons.

Example    

Here ${\text{Fe}}^{\text{2+}}$ oxidized to ${\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}$ by the removal of a single electron.

Oxidation number:

It is the charge of an atom, provided if the compound is composed of ions.  On oxidation the oxidation number will increase and on reduction the oxidation number will decrease.  It can be also called as degree of oxidation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The oxidation number of carbon in the given carbon containing compound ${\text{CO}}_2$ has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation:

Loss of electrons from an atom, ion or molecule during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation.  Oxidation state of atom ion or molecule will increase in this process.  In simple it is the addition of oxygen.  Reduction is gaining of electrons.

Example    

  $\text{Zn}\underset{}{\to }{\text{Zn}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{+2e}}^{\text{-}}$

Here ${\text{Zn}}^{}$ oxidized ${\text{Zn}}^{\text{2+}}$ to by the removal of a two electron.

Oxidation number:

It is the charge of an atom, provided if the compound is composed of ions.  On oxidation the oxidation number will increase and on reduction the oxidation number will decrease.  It can be also called as degree of oxidation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The oxidation number of carbon in the given carbon containing compound ${\text{CCl}}_4$ has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation:

Loss of electrons from an atom, ion or molecule during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation.  Oxidation state of atom ion or molecule will increase in this process.  In simple it is the addition of oxygen.  Reduction is gaining of electrons.

Example    

Here ${\text{Fe}}^{\text{2+}}$ oxidized to ${\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}$ by the removal of a single electron.

Oxidation number:

It is the charge of an atom, provided if the compound is composed of ions.  On oxidation the oxidation number will increase and on reduction the oxidation number will decrease.  It can be also called as degree of oxidation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The oxidation number of carbon in the given carbon containing compound ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}$ has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation:

Loss of electrons from an atom, ion or molecule during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation.  Oxidation state of atom ion or molecule will increase in this process.  In simple it is the addition of oxygen.  Reduction is gaining of electrons.

Example    

  $\text{Zn}\underset{}{\to }{\text{Zn}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{+2e}}^{\text{-}}$

Oxidation number:

It is the charge of an atom, provided if the compound is composed of ions.  On oxidation the oxidation number will increase and on reduction the oxidation number will decrease.  It can be also called as degree of oxidation.