Concept explainers
Consider the oneline diagram of a simple power system shown in Figure 9.20. System data in per-unit on a 100-MVA base are given as follows:
The neutral of each generator is grounded through a current-limiting reactor of 0.08333 per unit on a 100-MVA base. All transformer neutrals are solidly grounded. The generators are operating no-load at their rated voltages and rated frequency with their ENIFs in phase. Determine the fault current for a balanced three-phase fault at bus 3 through a fault impedance
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Power System Analysis and Design (MindTap Course List)
- Three zones of a single-phase circuit are identified in the figure. The zones are connected by transformers T₁ and T2, whose ratings are also shown. Using base values of 100 kVA and 240 volts in zone 1, draw the per-unit circuit and determine the per-unit impedances and the per-unit source voltage. Then calculate the load current both in per-unit and in amperes. Transformer winding resistances and shunt admittance branches are neglected. Zone 1 Zone 2 Vs = 220/0° volts 3---38 T, 30 KVA 240/480 volts M 0.10 p.u. Xoa Xune = 2 fl T T₂ 20 kVA 460/115 volts Xeg = 0.10 p.u. Zone 3 ww Zload = 0.9 - 10.20arrow_forwardThree zones of a single-phase circuit are identified in Figure. The zones are connected bytransformers T1 and T2, whose ratings are also shown.Using base values of 30 kVA and 240 volts in zone 1:a. draw the per-unit circuit and determine the per-unit impedances and the per-unitsource voltage.b. calculate the load current both in per-unit and in amperes. Transformer windingresistances and shunt admittance branches are neglected.arrow_forwardwhat is the definition of zero sequence impedance in a transformers? And what is the benefit of this check in transformers?arrow_forward
- UDng a ITIe Core in high frequency transformers. c- Discuss, different applications of iron cores of different hysteresis loops. d- Explain the effect of Inrush current on power transformers.arrow_forward1.a. Separate voltage-regulating units provide voltage-ratio control under load byA. causing different impedance drops in each phase.B. combining voltages from different phases.C. having series transformers in phase with the line-to-neutral voltage.D. exciting transformers having their primaries delta-connected. 1.b. A reactor is sometimes used with an autotransformer toA. limit short-circuit current.B. increase the full-load current.C. provide increased internal impedance.D. decrease the voltage ratio.arrow_forwardThree single-phase two-winding transformers, each rated 3kVA,220/110volts,60Hz, with a 0.10 per-unit leakage reactance, are connected as a three-phase extended autotransformer bank, as shown in Figure 3.36(c). The low-voltage winding has a 110 volt rating. (a) Draw the positive-sequence phasor diagram and show that the high-voltage winding has a 479.5 volt rating. (b) A three-phase load connected to the low-voltage terminals absorbs 6 kW at 110 volts and at 0.8 power factor lagging. Draw the per-unit impedance diagram and calculate the voltage and current at the high-voltage terminals. Assume positive-sequence operation.arrow_forward
- Three single-phase, two-winding transformers, each rated 450MVA,20kV/288.7kV, with leakage reactance Xeq=0.10perunit, are connected to form a three-phase bank. The high-voltage windings are connected in Y with a solidly grounded neutral. Draw the per-unit equivalent circuit if the low-voltage windings are connected (a) in with American standard phase shift or (b) in Y with an open neutral. Use the transformer ratings as base quantities. Winding resistances and exciting current are neglected.arrow_forwardWhat is the maximum volt-ampere rating of transformers supplying Class 2 systems? ___________arrow_forwardThree single-phase two-winding transformers, each rated 25MVA,54.2/5.42kV, are connected to form a three-phase Y- bank with a balanced Y-connected resistive load of 0.6 per phase on the low-voltage side. By choosing a base of 75 MVA (three phase) and 94 kV (line-to-line) for the high-voltage side of the transformer bank, specify the base quantities for the low-voltage side. Determine the per-unit resistance of the load on the base for the low-voltage side. Then determine the load resistance RL in ohms referred to the high-voltage side and the per-unit value of this load resistance on the chosen base.arrow_forward
- Consider a bank of this single-phase two-winding transformers whose high-voltage terminals are connected to a three-phase, 13.8-kV feeder. The low-voltage terminals are connected to a three-phase substation load rated 2.0 MVA and 2.5 kV. Determine the required voltage, current, and MVA ratings of both windings of each transformer, when the high-voltage/low- voltage windings are connected (a) Y-, (b) -Y, (c) Y-Y, and (d) -.arrow_forwardConsider the oneline diagram shown in Figure 3.40. The three-phase transformer bank is made up of three identical single-phase transformers, each specified by X1=0.24 (on the low-voltage side), negligible resistance and magnetizing current, and turns ratio =N2/N1=10. The transformer bank is delivering 100 MW at 0.8 p.f. lagging to a substation bus whose voltage is 230 kV. (a) Determine the primary current magnitude, primary voltage (line-to-line) magnitude, and the three-phase complex power supplied by the generator. Choose the line-to-neutral voltage at the bus, Va as the reference Account for the phase shift, and assume positive-sequence operation. (b) Find the phase shift between the primary and secondary voltages.arrow_forwardIn developing per-unit circuits of systems such as the one shown in Figure 3.10. when moving across a transformer, the voltage base is changed in proportion to the transformer voltage ratings. (a) True (b) Falsearrow_forward
- Power System Analysis and Design (MindTap Course ...Electrical EngineeringISBN:9781305632134Author:J. Duncan Glover, Thomas Overbye, Mulukutla S. SarmaPublisher:Cengage LearningEBK ELECTRICAL WIRING RESIDENTIALElectrical EngineeringISBN:9781337516549Author:SimmonsPublisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT