Chapter 9, Problem 73E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The bond length in each molecule using dipole moments and percent ionic character is to be estimated.

Concept introduction: Dipole moment can be defined as the measure of polarity of an electric dipole.

Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom in a bond to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself. No bond is 100% covalent. There will be some percentage of ionic character in it. The percent ionic character increases with increase in electronegativity difference between the atoms.
The percent ionic character is calculated by the formula,

  $\%\text{Ionic}\text{character}=\left(\frac{\begin{array}{l}\text{Measured}\text{dipole}\\ \text{moment}\text{of}\text{bond}\end{array}}{\begin{array}{l}\text{Dipole}\text{moment if electron }\\ \text{was completely transferred }\end{array}}\right)\times 100\text{\%}$

To determine: The bond length in each molecule using dipole moments and percent ionic character