Chapter 9, Problem 24E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule for each molecule or ion is to be stated. Resonance structures and formal charges to each atom are to be assigned.

Concept introduction: Lewis structures, also known as Lewis dot structures, are the diagrams that show bonding between various atoms of a molecule. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.

A formal charge is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule. It is assumed that electrons in all bonds are shared equally between atoms regardless of relative electronegativity. Formal charge is calculated by the formula,

$\text{Formal}\text{charge}=\left(\begin{array}{c}\text{Valence}\text{electrons}-\\ \left[\text{Lone}\text{pair}\text{electrons}+\frac{\text{Bonding}\text{electrons}}{2}\right]\end{array}\right)$

Resonance is a way of describing delocalized electrons with certain molecules, where a single Lewis structure cannot express the bonding. The different Lewis structures are called resonance structures or canonical structures. The actual structure of a molecule or ion is called resonance hybrid. It has the lowest energy and maximum stability.

To determine: The Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule for each molecule or ion. Also determine the resonance structures and formal charges to each atom.