H 0 or H a ? For each of the following hypotheses, explain whether it is a null hypothesis or an alternative hypothesis: a. For females, the population mean on the political ideology scale is equal to 4.0. b. For males, the population proportion who support the death penalty is larger than 0.50. c. The diet has an effect, the population mean change in weight being less than 0. d. For all Subway (submarine sandwich) stores worldwide, the difference between sales this month and in the corresponding month a year ago has a mean of 0.

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 9, Problem 67CP

H₀ or H_a? For each of the following hypotheses, explain whether it is a null hypothesis or an alternative hypothesis:

a. For females, the population mean on the political ideology scale is equal to 4.0.
b. For males, the population proportion who support the death penalty is larger than 0.50.
c. The diet has an effect, the population mean change in weight being less than 0.
d. For all Subway (submarine sandwich) stores worldwide, the difference between sales this month and in the corresponding month a year ago has a mean of 0.

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

a.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is null hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

The given statement is that the population mean on the political ideology scale for female is equal to 4.

Null hypothesis:

It is a statement in which the parameter takes certain value and it is denoted as H0. The population parameter may be mean, standard deviation, proportion, variance, and so forth.

Alternative hypothesis:

If the statement tells that the parameter falls in alternative range of values then it is termed as alternative hypothesis. It is denoted as Ha and generally tells about some claim. The possible symbols used in the alternative hypothesis would be <,>, or ≠.

The value in the hypothesis generally represents no effect then the value in alternative hypothesis represents an effect of some type.

Here, the value in hypothesis represents no effect. That is, the population mean on the political ideology scale for female is equal to 4. Hence, the statement is null hypothesis.

b.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is Alternative hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

It is given that the population proportion who support the death penalty is larger than 0.50.

Here, the hypothesis represents the greater than or larger than (>) term which represents the claim and denotes the effect of some type. Hence, the statement is alternative hypothesis.

c.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is Alternative hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

It is given that the diet has an effect and the population mean change in weight is less than 0.

Here, the hypothesis represents the less than (<) term which represents the claim denotes the effect of some diet. Hence, the statement is alternative hypothesis.

d.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is null hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

The given statement is that the difference between sales at current month and in the corresponding month a year ago is 0.

The value in the hypothesis generally represents no effect then the value in alternative hypothesis represents an effect of some type.

Here, the value in hypothesis represents no effect. That is, the population mean difference between sales at current month and in the corresponding month a year ago, is equal to 0. Hence, the given statement is a null hypothesis.

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 9, Problem 67CP

H₀ or H_a? For each of the following hypotheses, explain whether it is a null hypothesis or an alternative hypothesis:

a. For females, the population mean on the political ideology scale is equal to 4.0.
b. For males, the population proportion who support the death penalty is larger than 0.50.
c. The diet has an effect, the population mean change in weight being less than 0.
d. For all Subway (submarine sandwich) stores worldwide, the difference between sales this month and in the corresponding month a year ago has a mean of 0.

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

a.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is null hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

The given statement is that the population mean on the political ideology scale for female is equal to 4.

Null hypothesis:

It is a statement in which the parameter takes certain value and it is denoted as H0. The population parameter may be mean, standard deviation, proportion, variance, and so forth.

Alternative hypothesis:

If the statement tells that the parameter falls in alternative range of values then it is termed as alternative hypothesis. It is denoted as Ha and generally tells about some claim. The possible symbols used in the alternative hypothesis would be <,>, or ≠.

The value in the hypothesis generally represents no effect then the value in alternative hypothesis represents an effect of some type.

Here, the value in hypothesis represents no effect. That is, the population mean on the political ideology scale for female is equal to 4. Hence, the statement is null hypothesis.

b.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is Alternative hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

It is given that the population proportion who support the death penalty is larger than 0.50.

Here, the hypothesis represents the greater than or larger than (>) term which represents the claim and denotes the effect of some type. Hence, the statement is alternative hypothesis.

c.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is Alternative hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

It is given that the diet has an effect and the population mean change in weight is less than 0.

Here, the hypothesis represents the less than (<) term which represents the claim denotes the effect of some diet. Hence, the statement is alternative hypothesis.

d.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is null hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

The given statement is that the difference between sales at current month and in the corresponding month a year ago is 0.

The value in the hypothesis generally represents no effect then the value in alternative hypothesis represents an effect of some type.

Here, the value in hypothesis represents no effect. That is, the population mean difference between sales at current month and in the corresponding month a year ago, is equal to 0. Hence, the given statement is a null hypothesis.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 9, Problem 67CP

H₀ or H_a? For each of the following hypotheses, explain whether it is a null hypothesis or an alternative hypothesis:

a. For females, the population mean on the political ideology scale is equal to 4.0.
b. For males, the population proportion who support the death penalty is larger than 0.50.
c. The diet has an effect, the population mean change in weight being less than 0.
d. For all Subway (submarine sandwich) stores worldwide, the difference between sales this month and in the corresponding month a year ago has a mean of 0.

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

a.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is null hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

The given statement is that the population mean on the political ideology scale for female is equal to 4.

Null hypothesis:

It is a statement in which the parameter takes certain value and it is denoted as H0. The population parameter may be mean, standard deviation, proportion, variance, and so forth.

Alternative hypothesis:

If the statement tells that the parameter falls in alternative range of values then it is termed as alternative hypothesis. It is denoted as Ha and generally tells about some claim. The possible symbols used in the alternative hypothesis would be <,>, or ≠.

The value in the hypothesis generally represents no effect then the value in alternative hypothesis represents an effect of some type.

Here, the value in hypothesis represents no effect. That is, the population mean on the political ideology scale for female is equal to 4. Hence, the statement is null hypothesis.

b.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is Alternative hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

It is given that the population proportion who support the death penalty is larger than 0.50.

Here, the hypothesis represents the greater than or larger than (>) term which represents the claim and denotes the effect of some type. Hence, the statement is alternative hypothesis.

c.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is Alternative hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

It is given that the diet has an effect and the population mean change in weight is less than 0.

Here, the hypothesis represents the less than (<) term which represents the claim denotes the effect of some diet. Hence, the statement is alternative hypothesis.

d.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is null hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

The given statement is that the difference between sales at current month and in the corresponding month a year ago is 0.

The value in the hypothesis generally represents no effect then the value in alternative hypothesis represents an effect of some type.

Here, the value in hypothesis represents no effect. That is, the population mean difference between sales at current month and in the corresponding month a year ago, is equal to 0. Hence, the given statement is a null hypothesis.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 9, Problem 67CP

H₀ or H_a? For each of the following hypotheses, explain whether it is a null hypothesis or an alternative hypothesis:

a. For females, the population mean on the political ideology scale is equal to 4.0.
b. For males, the population proportion who support the death penalty is larger than 0.50.
c. The diet has an effect, the population mean change in weight being less than 0.
d. For all Subway (submarine sandwich) stores worldwide, the difference between sales this month and in the corresponding month a year ago has a mean of 0.

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

a.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is null hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

The given statement is that the population mean on the political ideology scale for female is equal to 4.

Null hypothesis:

It is a statement in which the parameter takes certain value and it is denoted as H0. The population parameter may be mean, standard deviation, proportion, variance, and so forth.

Alternative hypothesis:

If the statement tells that the parameter falls in alternative range of values then it is termed as alternative hypothesis. It is denoted as Ha and generally tells about some claim. The possible symbols used in the alternative hypothesis would be <,>, or ≠.

The value in the hypothesis generally represents no effect then the value in alternative hypothesis represents an effect of some type.

Here, the value in hypothesis represents no effect. That is, the population mean on the political ideology scale for female is equal to 4. Hence, the statement is null hypothesis.

b.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is Alternative hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

It is given that the population proportion who support the death penalty is larger than 0.50.

Here, the hypothesis represents the greater than or larger than (>) term which represents the claim and denotes the effect of some type. Hence, the statement is alternative hypothesis.

c.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is Alternative hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

It is given that the diet has an effect and the population mean change in weight is less than 0.

Here, the hypothesis represents the less than (<) term which represents the claim denotes the effect of some diet. Hence, the statement is alternative hypothesis.

d.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is null hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

The given statement is that the difference between sales at current month and in the corresponding month a year ago is 0.

The value in the hypothesis generally represents no effect then the value in alternative hypothesis represents an effect of some type.

Here, the value in hypothesis represents no effect. That is, the population mean difference between sales at current month and in the corresponding month a year ago, is equal to 0. Hence, the given statement is a null hypothesis.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

a.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is null hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

The given statement is that the population mean on the political ideology scale for female is equal to 4.

Null hypothesis:

It is a statement in which the parameter takes certain value and it is denoted as H0. The population parameter may be mean, standard deviation, proportion, variance, and so forth.

Alternative hypothesis:

If the statement tells that the parameter falls in alternative range of values then it is termed as alternative hypothesis. It is denoted as Ha and generally tells about some claim. The possible symbols used in the alternative hypothesis would be <,>, or ≠.

The value in the hypothesis generally represents no effect then the value in alternative hypothesis represents an effect of some type.

Here, the value in hypothesis represents no effect. That is, the population mean on the political ideology scale for female is equal to 4. Hence, the statement is null hypothesis.

b.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is Alternative hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

It is given that the population proportion who support the death penalty is larger than 0.50.

Here, the hypothesis represents the greater than or larger than (>) term which represents the claim and denotes the effect of some type. Hence, the statement is alternative hypothesis.

c.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is Alternative hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

It is given that the diet has an effect and the population mean change in weight is less than 0.

Here, the hypothesis represents the less than (<) term which represents the claim denotes the effect of some diet. Hence, the statement is alternative hypothesis.

d.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is null hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

The given statement is that the difference between sales at current month and in the corresponding month a year ago is 0.

The value in the hypothesis generally represents no effect then the value in alternative hypothesis represents an effect of some type.

Here, the value in hypothesis represents no effect. That is, the population mean difference between sales at current month and in the corresponding month a year ago, is equal to 0. Hence, the given statement is a null hypothesis.

Answer 8

a.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is null hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

The given statement is that the population mean on the political ideology scale for female is equal to 4.

Null hypothesis:

It is a statement in which the parameter takes certain value and it is denoted as H0. The population parameter may be mean, standard deviation, proportion, variance, and so forth.

Alternative hypothesis:

If the statement tells that the parameter falls in alternative range of values then it is termed as alternative hypothesis. It is denoted as Ha and generally tells about some claim. The possible symbols used in the alternative hypothesis would be <,>, or ≠.

The value in the hypothesis generally represents no effect then the value in alternative hypothesis represents an effect of some type.

Here, the value in hypothesis represents no effect. That is, the population mean on the political ideology scale for female is equal to 4. Hence, the statement is null hypothesis.

Answer 9

a.

Expert Solution

Answer 10

a.

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer 13

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is null hypothesis.

Answer 14

Explanation of Solution

The given statement is that the population mean on the political ideology scale for female is equal to 4.

Null hypothesis:

It is a statement in which the parameter takes certain value and it is denoted as H0. The population parameter may be mean, standard deviation, proportion, variance, and so forth.

Alternative hypothesis:

If the statement tells that the parameter falls in alternative range of values then it is termed as alternative hypothesis. It is denoted as Ha and generally tells about some claim. The possible symbols used in the alternative hypothesis would be <,>, or ≠.

The value in the hypothesis generally represents no effect then the value in alternative hypothesis represents an effect of some type.

Here, the value in hypothesis represents no effect. That is, the population mean on the political ideology scale for female is equal to 4. Hence, the statement is null hypothesis.

Answer 15

b.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is Alternative hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

It is given that the population proportion who support the death penalty is larger than 0.50.

Here, the hypothesis represents the greater than or larger than (>) term which represents the claim and denotes the effect of some type. Hence, the statement is alternative hypothesis.

Answer 16

b.

Expert Solution

Answer 17

b.

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer 20

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is Alternative hypothesis.

Answer 21

Explanation of Solution

It is given that the population proportion who support the death penalty is larger than 0.50.

Here, the hypothesis represents the greater than or larger than (>) term which represents the claim and denotes the effect of some type. Hence, the statement is alternative hypothesis.

Answer 22

c.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is Alternative hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

It is given that the diet has an effect and the population mean change in weight is less than 0.

Here, the hypothesis represents the less than (<) term which represents the claim denotes the effect of some diet. Hence, the statement is alternative hypothesis.

Answer 23

c.

Expert Solution

Answer 24

c.

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer 27

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is Alternative hypothesis.

Answer 28

Explanation of Solution

It is given that the diet has an effect and the population mean change in weight is less than 0.

Here, the hypothesis represents the less than (<) term which represents the claim denotes the effect of some diet. Hence, the statement is alternative hypothesis.

Answer 29

d.

Expert Solution

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is null hypothesis.

Explanation of Solution

The given statement is that the difference between sales at current month and in the corresponding month a year ago is 0.

The value in the hypothesis generally represents no effect then the value in alternative hypothesis represents an effect of some type.

Here, the value in hypothesis represents no effect. That is, the population mean difference between sales at current month and in the corresponding month a year ago, is equal to 0. Hence, the given statement is a null hypothesis.

Answer 30

d.

Expert Solution

Answer 31

d.

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

To determine

Identify whether the statement is null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis.

Answer 34

Answer to Problem 67CP

The given statement is null hypothesis.

Answer 35

Explanation of Solution

The given statement is that the difference between sales at current month and in the corresponding month a year ago is 0.

The value in the hypothesis generally represents no effect then the value in alternative hypothesis represents an effect of some type.

Here, the value in hypothesis represents no effect. That is, the population mean difference between sales at current month and in the corresponding month a year ago, is equal to 0. Hence, the given statement is a null hypothesis.