Explanation 1) Concept: We can use the principle of conservation of momentum to relate the velocities. Using the formula for kinetic energy, we can find the percent loss in Kinetic Energy due to collision. 2) Formula: i) P i = P f ii) P = m v iii) K = 1 2 m v 2 3) Given: i) Mass of the car, m c = 1000 k g ii) Mass of the moose, m m = 500 k g iii) Mass of the camel, m k = 300 k g 4) Calculations: a) Let the initial velocity of the moose be zero as compared to the car. Also, as after the collision moose will stick to the car’s windshield, the final velocity of both the car and the moose will be the same. Applying the principle of conservation of momentum Total momentum P i → before collision = Total momentum after collision P f → For the given situation Total initial momentum = Initial momentum of car + Initial momentum of moose. P i → = P i c → + P i m → As initially moose is at rest, P i m → = 0 ∴ P i → = P i c → = m c v i c … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . … … … … … ( 1 ) Total final momentum = final momentum of car + final momentum of moose P f → = m c v f c + m m v f m v f m = v f c = v f P f → = ( m c + m m ) v f … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . … … … … … … … ( 2 ) Equating equation 1 and 2 m c v i c = ( m c + m m ) v f … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . ( 3 ) m c = 1000 k g a n d m m = 500 k g m c = 2 m m … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . … … ( 4 ) ∴ 2 m m v i c = ( 2 m m + m m ) v f 2 m m v i c = 3 m m v f Cancelling m m and rearranging the equation, v i c = 3 2 v f … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . … … … … … … … … . … ( 5 ) Now to find out initial and final K.E

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ISBN: 9781118230725

Author: David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker

Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated

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Helmholtz Free Energy

The Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential used to calculate the measure of useful work from a closed system. This system is kept at constant temperature and volume. German physicist Hermann Helmholtz introduced this concept in 1882.

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Chapter 9, Problem 53P

To determine

To find:

a) Percent loss on K.E. due to collision with moose.

b) Percent loss on K.E. due to collision with camel.

c) Does the percent loss increase or decrease if the animal mass decreases?

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Chapter 9, Problem 52P

Chapter 9, Problem 54P

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Chapter 9 Solutions

Fundamentals of Physics Extended

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a) Percent loss on K.E. due to collision with moose. b) Percent loss on K.E. due to collision with camel. c) Does the percent loss increase or decrease if the animal mass decreases?

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To find: a) Percent loss on K.E. due to collision with moose. b) Percent loss on K.E. due to collision with camel. c) Does the percent loss increase or decrease if the animal mass decreases?

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Chapter 9 Solutions

To find:

a) Percent loss on K.E. due to collision with moose.

b) Percent loss on K.E. due to collision with camel.

c) Does the percent loss increase or decrease if the animal mass decreases?