Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 9, Problem 37QTP
In Example 9.1, what would be the percentage of the load supported by the fibers if their strength were 1000 MPa and the matrix strength were 200 MPa? What would be the answer if the fiber stiffness were doubled and the matrix stiffness were halved?
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A continuous and aligned glass fiber-reinforced composite with modulus of elasticity of 55 GPa.
The volume fiber fraction is 40 and the modulus of elasticity of the fiber is 75 GPa. Calculate the volume
fraction of epoxy matrix if you know the modulus of elasticity of the modulus of elasticity of the matrix
is 2.5 GPa and then determine the strain that is sustained by each phase under applied stress of 27 Mpa.
(assume that the cross-section area is 150 mm2)
Continuous and aligned fiber-reinforced composite with cross-sectional area of 330 mm² (0.51 in.²) is subjected to a longitudinal load
of 49200 N (11100 lbf). Assume Vf=0.3, Vm = 0.7, Ef= 131 GPa and Em = 2.4 GPa.
(a) Calculate the fiber-matrix load ratio.
(b) Calculate the actual load carried by fiber phase.
(c) Calculate the actual load carried by matrix phase.
(d) Compute the magnitude of the stress on the fiber phase.
(e) Compute the magnitude of the stress on the matrix phase.
(f) What strain is expected by the composite?
Part 1
Calculate the fiber-matrix load ratio.
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Part 2
What is the load, in N, carried by the matrix and the fibers?
(a) What is the matrix load in N?
i
(b) What is the fiber load in N?
i
N
N
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Prove that the area fraction equal to volume fraction when using aligned fibers in composite materials.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 9 - Distinguish between composites and metal alloys.Ch. 9 - Describe the functions of the matrix and the...Ch. 9 - Name the reinforcing fibers generally used to make...Ch. 9 - What is the range in length and diameter of...Ch. 9 - List the important factors that determine the...Ch. 9 - Comment on the advantages and limitations of...Ch. 9 - What are the most commonly used matrix materials?...Ch. 9 - Describe the advantages of hybrid composites over...Ch. 9 - What material properties are improved by the...Ch. 9 - Describe the purpose of the matrix material.
Ch. 9 - What are the most common types of glass fibers?Ch. 9 - Explain the difference between a carbon fiber and...Ch. 9 - How can a graphite fiber be made electrically and...Ch. 9 - What is a whisker? What is the difference between...Ch. 9 - Describe the composition of boron fibers. Why are...Ch. 9 - Give a succinct definition of fiber, yarn, and...Ch. 9 - How do you think the use of straw mixed with clay...Ch. 9 - What products have you personally seen that are...Ch. 9 - Describe applications that are not well suited for...Ch. 9 - Is there a difference between a composite material...Ch. 9 - Identify metals and alloys that have strengths...Ch. 9 - What limitations or disadvantages do composite...Ch. 9 - Give examples of composite materials other than...Ch. 9 - Explain why the behavior of the materials depicted...Ch. 9 - Explain why fibers are so capable of supporting a...Ch. 9 - Do metal-matrix composites have any advantages...Ch. 9 - Give reasons for the development of ceramic-matrix...Ch. 9 - Explain how you would go about determining the...Ch. 9 - How would you go about trying to determine the...Ch. 9 - Glass fibers are said to be much stronger than...Ch. 9 - Describe situations in which a glass could be used...Ch. 9 - When the American Plains states were settled, no...Ch. 9 - By incorporating small amounts of a blowing agent,...Ch. 9 - Referring to Fig. 9.2c, would there be an...Ch. 9 - Calculate the average increase in the properties...Ch. 9 - In Example 9.1, what would be the percentage of...Ch. 9 - Calculate the percent increase in the mechanical...Ch. 9 - Calculate the stress in the fibers and in the...Ch. 9 - Repeat the calculations in Example 9.1 if (a)...Ch. 9 - Refer to the properties listed in Table 7.1. If...Ch. 9 - Plot the elastic modulus and strength of an...Ch. 9 - For the data in Example 9.1, what should be the...Ch. 9 - It is desired to obtain a composite material with...Ch. 9 - A rectangular cantilever beam, 100 mm high, 20 mm...Ch. 9 - What applications for composite materials can you...Ch. 9 - Using the information given in this chapter,...Ch. 9 - Would a composite material with a strong and stiff...Ch. 9 - Make a list of products for which the use of...Ch. 9 - Inspect Fig. 9.1 and explain what other components...Ch. 9 - Name applications in which both specific strength...Ch. 9 - What applications for composite materials can you...Ch. 9 - As with other materials, the mechanical properties...Ch. 9 - Developments are taking place in techniques for...Ch. 9 - As described in this chapter, reinforced plastics...Ch. 9 - Comment on your observations on the design of the...Ch. 9 - Make a survey of various sports equipment and...Ch. 9 - Several material combinations and structures were...Ch. 9 - It is possible to make fibers or whiskers with a...Ch. 9 - Describe how you can produce some simple composite...Ch. 9 - Gel spinning is a specialized process used in...Ch. 9 - Figure P9.65 shows a section of a...
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- What is the tenacity in gf of a 3.2 tex fiber den that ruptures under a load of 94.8 gf ? Provide your answer with two decimal positions and no unit. Answer:arrow_forwardFor a continuous and aligned fiber-reinforced composite, the modulus of elasticity in the transverse direction is 4.91 GPa. If the volume fraction of fibers is 0.3 and the modulus of elasticity of matrix phase is 3.78 GPa, determine the modulus of elasticity of composite in longitudinal direction.arrow_forwardwhat is specific strength? why fibers have very high specific strength?arrow_forward
- Is it possible to produce a continuous and oriented aramid fiber–epoxy matrix composite havinglongitudinal and transverse moduli of elasticity of 35 GPa and 5.17 Gpa, respectively? Why or why not?Assume that the elastic modulus of the epoxy is 3.4 Gpa.arrow_forwardIt is desired to produce an aligned and continuous fiber-reinforced epoxy composite having a maximum of 50% fibers. A minimum longitudinal modulus of elasticity of 55 GPa and a minimum tensile strength of 1200 MPa are required. E-glass and carbon (PAN standard modulus) fibers are the possible candidates to select. In addition, assume the stress levels on the epoxy matrix at fiber failure are 70 MPa for E-glass fiber and 30MPa for carbon fiber, respectively. Which fiber meets the design requirement? Use the properties given in the Table below to evaluate your selection. Materials Epoxy matrix E-glass Carbon Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) 3.1 72.5 230 Tensile Strength (MPa) 69 3450 4000arrow_forward3. The geometry of the reinforcing phase in a composite greatly determines the overall properties. Polycarbonate has a Modulus of Elasticity=2.2 GPa, Tensile Strength-62.5 MPa. Carbon Fiber has a Modulus of Elasticity=228 GPa, Tensile Strength=3.5 GPa. For a 40 vol% carbon fiber and a 60 vol% polycarbonate matrix composite, compute the Tensile Strength and Young's Modulus for the composite for the following situations. Assume longitudinal loading. a. Continuous and aligned fibers b. Discontinuous and aligned fibers with I> le where 1 = 101, (K = 1). c. Discontinuous and aligned fibers with I< le where I= 0.51, (K = 1). d. Which of these composites is the strongest? Which is the stiffest (has the highest Young's Modulus)?arrow_forward
- b. i. Calculate the tensile modulus of elasticity of a unidirectional Kevlar-49 fibers epoxy composite material that contains 63% by volume of Kevlar 49 fibers and is stressed under isostrain conditions. The Kevlar 49 fibers have a tensile modulus of elasticity of 189.8 GPa and the epoxy matrix a tensile modulus of elasticity of 3.8 GPa.arrow_forwardThe σ - ε diagram for elastic fibers is shown. (Figure 1) Figure 385 σ(MPa) 77 < 1 of 1 €(mm/mm) 1 2 2.25arrow_forwardPlease don't provide handwritten solution...arrow_forward
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