The potential effect of an abnormally high level of a growth hormone on the regulation of the cell cycle. Introduction: Multicellular organisms have tight regulation on cell division, thus the division of cell only takes place when needed. Inactivation or activation of cell cycle is mainly regulated by hormones (signaling molecules). Growth hormones promote muscular growth and skeletal growth. The cell cycle is set of stages that take place between the cell division and the time resulting in formation of daughter cells.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1NS.1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The potential effect of an abnormally high level of a growth hormone on the regulation of the cell cycle.

Introduction:

Multicellular organisms have tight regulation on cell division, thus the division of cell only takes place when needed. Inactivation or activation of cell cycle is mainly regulated by hormones (signaling molecules). Growth hormones promote muscular growth and skeletal growth. The cell cycle is set of stages that take place between the cell division and the time resulting in formation of daughter cells.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mitotic cyclins binds to mitotic “cyclin dependent Kinases” which results in activation of CDKs leading to activation of “CDKs phosphorylated RB proteins”. These proteins assist segregation of chromosomes. The function of RB (retinoblastoma) is to stop the cancer development. Under normal conditions the protein binds with E2F (required in S phase) and the cell cycle moves in forward direction but only when RB is unphosphorylated.

Upon phosphorylation of RB by CDK, E2F detach from RB and activates transcription of many genes. If the levels of growth hormones are increased then it will result in abnormal growth of many organs such as change in metabolic conditions and increase in muscle tissues. The continuous stimulation of growth hormone will result in cell division and abnormal growth. Thus, the RB remains in its phosphorylated state.

Conclusion

The high level of growth hormone will affect the growth of varies organs in the body.

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After you feel comfortable with your counting method and identifying cells in the various stages of mitosis, use the four images below of whitefish blastula to count the cells in each stage until you reach 100 total cells, recording your data below in Data Table 1. (You may not need to use all four images. Stop counting when you reach 100 total cells.) After totaling the cells in each stage, calculate the percent of cells in each stage. (Divide total of stage by overall total of 100 and then multiply by 100 to obtain percentage.) Data Table 1Stage Totals PercentInterphase Mitosis: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Totals 100 100% To find the length of time whitefish blastula cells spend in each stage, multiply the percent (recorded as a decimal, in other words take the percent number and divide by 100) by 24 hours. (Example: If percent is 20%, then Time in Hours = .2 * 24 = 4.8) Record your data in Data…

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1NS.1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The potential effect of an abnormally high level of a growth hormone on the regulation of the cell cycle.

Introduction:

Multicellular organisms have tight regulation on cell division, thus the division of cell only takes place when needed. Inactivation or activation of cell cycle is mainly regulated by hormones (signaling molecules). Growth hormones promote muscular growth and skeletal growth. The cell cycle is set of stages that take place between the cell division and the time resulting in formation of daughter cells.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mitotic cyclins binds to mitotic “cyclin dependent Kinases” which results in activation of CDKs leading to activation of “CDKs phosphorylated RB proteins”. These proteins assist segregation of chromosomes. The function of RB (retinoblastoma) is to stop the cancer development. Under normal conditions the protein binds with E2F (required in S phase) and the cell cycle moves in forward direction but only when RB is unphosphorylated.

Upon phosphorylation of RB by CDK, E2F detach from RB and activates transcription of many genes. If the levels of growth hormones are increased then it will result in abnormal growth of many organs such as change in metabolic conditions and increase in muscle tissues. The continuous stimulation of growth hormone will result in cell division and abnormal growth. Thus, the RB remains in its phosphorylated state.

Conclusion

The high level of growth hormone will affect the growth of varies organs in the body.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1NS.1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The potential effect of an abnormally high level of a growth hormone on the regulation of the cell cycle.

Introduction:

Multicellular organisms have tight regulation on cell division, thus the division of cell only takes place when needed. Inactivation or activation of cell cycle is mainly regulated by hormones (signaling molecules). Growth hormones promote muscular growth and skeletal growth. The cell cycle is set of stages that take place between the cell division and the time resulting in formation of daughter cells.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mitotic cyclins binds to mitotic “cyclin dependent Kinases” which results in activation of CDKs leading to activation of “CDKs phosphorylated RB proteins”. These proteins assist segregation of chromosomes. The function of RB (retinoblastoma) is to stop the cancer development. Under normal conditions the protein binds with E2F (required in S phase) and the cell cycle moves in forward direction but only when RB is unphosphorylated.

Upon phosphorylation of RB by CDK, E2F detach from RB and activates transcription of many genes. If the levels of growth hormones are increased then it will result in abnormal growth of many organs such as change in metabolic conditions and increase in muscle tissues. The continuous stimulation of growth hormone will result in cell division and abnormal growth. Thus, the RB remains in its phosphorylated state.

Conclusion

The high level of growth hormone will affect the growth of varies organs in the body.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1NS.1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The potential effect of an abnormally high level of a growth hormone on the regulation of the cell cycle.

Introduction:

Multicellular organisms have tight regulation on cell division, thus the division of cell only takes place when needed. Inactivation or activation of cell cycle is mainly regulated by hormones (signaling molecules). Growth hormones promote muscular growth and skeletal growth. The cell cycle is set of stages that take place between the cell division and the time resulting in formation of daughter cells.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mitotic cyclins binds to mitotic “cyclin dependent Kinases” which results in activation of CDKs leading to activation of “CDKs phosphorylated RB proteins”. These proteins assist segregation of chromosomes. The function of RB (retinoblastoma) is to stop the cancer development. Under normal conditions the protein binds with E2F (required in S phase) and the cell cycle moves in forward direction but only when RB is unphosphorylated.

Upon phosphorylation of RB by CDK, E2F detach from RB and activates transcription of many genes. If the levels of growth hormones are increased then it will result in abnormal growth of many organs such as change in metabolic conditions and increase in muscle tissues. The continuous stimulation of growth hormone will result in cell division and abnormal growth. Thus, the RB remains in its phosphorylated state.

Conclusion

The high level of growth hormone will affect the growth of varies organs in the body.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 1NS.1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The potential effect of an abnormally high level of a growth hormone on the regulation of the cell cycle.

Introduction:

Multicellular organisms have tight regulation on cell division, thus the division of cell only takes place when needed. Inactivation or activation of cell cycle is mainly regulated by hormones (signaling molecules). Growth hormones promote muscular growth and skeletal growth. The cell cycle is set of stages that take place between the cell division and the time resulting in formation of daughter cells.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mitotic cyclins binds to mitotic “cyclin dependent Kinases” which results in activation of CDKs leading to activation of “CDKs phosphorylated RB proteins”. These proteins assist segregation of chromosomes. The function of RB (retinoblastoma) is to stop the cancer development. Under normal conditions the protein binds with E2F (required in S phase) and the cell cycle moves in forward direction but only when RB is unphosphorylated.

Upon phosphorylation of RB by CDK, E2F detach from RB and activates transcription of many genes. If the levels of growth hormones are increased then it will result in abnormal growth of many organs such as change in metabolic conditions and increase in muscle tissues. The continuous stimulation of growth hormone will result in cell division and abnormal growth. Thus, the RB remains in its phosphorylated state.

Conclusion

The high level of growth hormone will affect the growth of varies organs in the body.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 1NS.1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The potential effect of an abnormally high level of a growth hormone on the regulation of the cell cycle.

Introduction:

Multicellular organisms have tight regulation on cell division, thus the division of cell only takes place when needed. Inactivation or activation of cell cycle is mainly regulated by hormones (signaling molecules). Growth hormones promote muscular growth and skeletal growth. The cell cycle is set of stages that take place between the cell division and the time resulting in formation of daughter cells.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mitotic cyclins binds to mitotic “cyclin dependent Kinases” which results in activation of CDKs leading to activation of “CDKs phosphorylated RB proteins”. These proteins assist segregation of chromosomes. The function of RB (retinoblastoma) is to stop the cancer development. Under normal conditions the protein binds with E2F (required in S phase) and the cell cycle moves in forward direction but only when RB is unphosphorylated.

Upon phosphorylation of RB by CDK, E2F detach from RB and activates transcription of many genes. If the levels of growth hormones are increased then it will result in abnormal growth of many organs such as change in metabolic conditions and increase in muscle tissues. The continuous stimulation of growth hormone will result in cell division and abnormal growth. Thus, the RB remains in its phosphorylated state.

Conclusion

The high level of growth hormone will affect the growth of varies organs in the body.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 1NS.1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The potential effect of an abnormally high level of a growth hormone on the regulation of the cell cycle.

Introduction:

Multicellular organisms have tight regulation on cell division, thus the division of cell only takes place when needed. Inactivation or activation of cell cycle is mainly regulated by hormones (signaling molecules). Growth hormones promote muscular growth and skeletal growth. The cell cycle is set of stages that take place between the cell division and the time resulting in formation of daughter cells.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Mitotic cyclins binds to mitotic “cyclin dependent Kinases” which results in activation of CDKs leading to activation of “CDKs phosphorylated RB proteins”. These proteins assist segregation of chromosomes. The function of RB (retinoblastoma) is to stop the cancer development. Under normal conditions the protein binds with E2F (required in S phase) and the cell cycle moves in forward direction but only when RB is unphosphorylated.

Upon phosphorylation of RB by CDK, E2F detach from RB and activates transcription of many genes. If the levels of growth hormones are increased then it will result in abnormal growth of many organs such as change in metabolic conditions and increase in muscle tissues. The continuous stimulation of growth hormone will result in cell division and abnormal growth. Thus, the RB remains in its phosphorylated state.