Why are there such large differences between the synonymous and non-synonymous rates of nucleotide substitution? Concept introduction: A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 17Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why are there such large differences between the synonymous and non-synonymous rates of nucleotide substitution?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: If the rates of synonymous changes are about the same for all genes, how is it possible for the histone H3 gene to resist so effectively those nucleotide changes that alter its amino acid sequence?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What feature of the H3 protein argues against the highly privileged nature of this protein?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

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Skip to main content close Homework Help is Here – Start Your Trial Now! arrow_forward search SEARCH ASK Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BUY Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition) 11th Edition ISBN: 9780134580999 Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn Publisher: PEARSON 1 The Human Body: An Orientation expand_moreChapter 1 : The Human Body: An Orientation Chapter Questions expand_moreSection: Chapter Questions Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,... format_list_bulletedProblem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,... See similar textbooks Bartleby Related Questions Icon Related questions Bartleby Expand Icon bartleby Concept explainers bartleby Question Draw a replication bubble with two replication forks.blue lines are DNA single strands and red lines are RNA single strands.indicate all 3' and 5’ ends on all DNA single…

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Question 4 1 pts Which of the following would be most helpful for demonstrating alternative splicing for a new organism? ○ its proteome and its transcriptome only its transcriptome only its genome its proteome and its genome

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 17Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why are there such large differences between the synonymous and non-synonymous rates of nucleotide substitution?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: If the rates of synonymous changes are about the same for all genes, how is it possible for the histone H3 gene to resist so effectively those nucleotide changes that alter its amino acid sequence?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What feature of the H3 protein argues against the highly privileged nature of this protein?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 17Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why are there such large differences between the synonymous and non-synonymous rates of nucleotide substitution?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: If the rates of synonymous changes are about the same for all genes, how is it possible for the histone H3 gene to resist so effectively those nucleotide changes that alter its amino acid sequence?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What feature of the H3 protein argues against the highly privileged nature of this protein?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 17Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why are there such large differences between the synonymous and non-synonymous rates of nucleotide substitution?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: If the rates of synonymous changes are about the same for all genes, how is it possible for the histone H3 gene to resist so effectively those nucleotide changes that alter its amino acid sequence?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What feature of the H3 protein argues against the highly privileged nature of this protein?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 17Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why are there such large differences between the synonymous and non-synonymous rates of nucleotide substitution?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: If the rates of synonymous changes are about the same for all genes, how is it possible for the histone H3 gene to resist so effectively those nucleotide changes that alter its amino acid sequence?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What feature of the H3 protein argues against the highly privileged nature of this protein?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 17Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why are there such large differences between the synonymous and non-synonymous rates of nucleotide substitution?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 17Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why are there such large differences between the synonymous and non-synonymous rates of nucleotide substitution?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

Answer 8

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: If the rates of synonymous changes are about the same for all genes, how is it possible for the histone H3 gene to resist so effectively those nucleotide changes that alter its amino acid sequence?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

Answer 9

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: If the rates of synonymous changes are about the same for all genes, how is it possible for the histone H3 gene to resist so effectively those nucleotide changes that alter its amino acid sequence?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

Answer 10

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What feature of the H3 protein argues against the highly privileged nature of this protein?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

Answer 11

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: What feature of the H3 protein argues against the highly privileged nature of this protein?

Concept introduction:

A non-synonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. It is contrasted with synonymous substitution or silent mutation, which do not alter the amino acid sequences. In non-synonymous mutations, there is usually an insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide base in the sequence during transcription when the messenger RNA is copying the DNA. This always results in frameshift mutation. On the other hand, in synonymous substitution, the newly substituted base also results in a codon exactly synonymous with the actual one. So it would not generate any sort of mutation rather they produce the exact amino acid.

Answer 12

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Ch. 9 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 9 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 9 - Prob. 3Q Ch. 9 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 9 - Prob. 5Q Ch. 9 - Prob. 6Q Ch. 9 - Prob. 7Q Ch. 9 - Prob. 8Q Ch. 9 - Prob. 9Q Ch. 9 - Prob. 10Q

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