EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780136539414
Author: Reece
Publisher: VST
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 14TYU
WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay (100-150 words), explain how oxidative phosphorylation— production of ATP using energy from the redox reactions of a spatially organized electron transport chain followed by chemiosmosis—is an example of how new properties emerge at each level of the biological hierarchy.
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Identify the missing words in the below description about electron transport chain.
Word bank: ATP synthase, electrons, glycolysis, oxidation-reduction, oxidoreductases, protons, proton motive force, TCA cycle,
Question:
NADH and FADH2 generated from
and
donate their high energy
the first electron acceptor molecule on the ETC. The electron then flow through a series of electron accepting molecules via repeated
reaction, releasing some energy at each step. The released energy is captured by the membrane-bound
(where the e-accepting molecules are in) and used to pump
creating a proton concentration gradient (higher outside of the cell, lower inside the cell) known as
the cell via the proton channel on the membrane, the energy is used by the enzyme
RH
Glycolysis
NDH-1
NADH+H
TCA cycle
4H¹
4H
Electron transfer
is coupled to
pumping H* ions.
2H
NAD + 2H*
Quinone pool
Quinols carry electrons
to another ETS complex
pumping H* ions.
2H*
Wan
SIGH
2H
2H*
½20₂ + 2H*
Cyt bo
to generate ATP from…
(c) Compare the differences between oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation by
redrawing (if necessary) and completing the table given below:
Table 1: Comparison of oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Photophosphorylation
Organelle
Source of electrons
Final electron acceptor
Source of energy
Role of ATP
Indicate whether each of the following statements applies to mitochondria, chloroplasts, both or neither.
Uses an ATP synthase enzyme.
A reduced coenzyme is produced using a cyclic process.
Protons are moved by active transport.
The initial electron donor is a water molecule.
Electrons flow from a high energy state to a low energy state.
Electron transport relies on a functional antenna complex.
Lactic acid is produced.
Glucose is phosphorylated to glucose-6 phosphate.
Chapter 9 Solutions
EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY
Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.1 - WHAT IF? If the following redox reaction...Ch. 9.2 - VISUAL SKILLS During the redox reaction in...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - What process in your cells produce the CO2 that...Ch. 9.3 - VISUAL SKILLS The conversions shown in Figure...Ch. 9.4 - WHAT IF? What effect would an absence of O2 have...Ch. 9.4 - WHAT IF? In the absence of O2 as in question 1,...Ch. 9.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Membranes must be fluid to...Ch. 9.5 - Consider the NADH formed during glycolysis. What...
Ch. 9.5 - WHAT IF? A glucose-fed yeast cell is moved from...Ch. 9.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare the structure of a fat...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 9.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9.6 - VISUAL SKILLS During intense exercise, can a...Ch. 9 - Describe the difference between the two processes...Ch. 9 - Which reactions in glycolysis are the source of...Ch. 9 - What molecular products indicate the complete...Ch. 9 - Briefly explain the mechanism by which ATP...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.5CRCh. 9 - Prob. 9.6CRCh. 9 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. The immediate...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 9 - 3. The final electron acceptor of the electron...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 9 - What is the oxidizing agent in the following...Ch. 9 - When electrons flow along the electron transport...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 9 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The proton pump shown in Figures...Ch. 9 - INTERPRET THE DATA Phosphofructokinase is an...Ch. 9 - DRAW IT The graph here shows the pH difference...Ch. 9 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION AIP synthases are found in...Ch. 9 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY In the 1930s, some physicians...Ch. 9 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 9 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is sold...
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- Complete the Metabolic process of the concept map provided below and base your answer based on these provided choices: Choices: cytoplasm, ATP synthase, electron, NADH, acetyl-CoA, hydrogen ions, anaerobic respiration, oxaloacetate, oxygen, citrate, TCA Cycle, 2 ATP, aerobic respiration, 6 NADH, ATP, water, sulfate, hydrogen sulfide, mitochondrial matrix, 2FADH2, pyruvate, ethanolarrow_forwardDescribe, in detail, the role of ATP synthase in the thylakoid membrane. Discuss the source, fate and flow of electrons and energy in detail, naming all molecules.arrow_forwardplz explain in details. Organisms must do tasks in order to survive. This work requires either light for photosynthesis or the chemical potential energy of organic molecules as an energy input. Explain the necessity for energy in living organisms and provide two (2) examples. Explain the oxidative phosphorylation process, particularly the involvement of oxygen. Discuss the generation of a low yield of ATP from anaerobic respiration and the formation of lactate in mammals.arrow_forward
- Explain the electron transport chain & ATP synthase, and point out active (requireenergy) and passive (no energy input required) processes. Use a simple drawing toillustrate your explanation.arrow_forwardRelating to bioenergetics: a. The equilibrium constant for a particular reaction is 6.8 x 10-5 which makes this reaction exergonic. True or False?b. All processes that occur in the universe are spontaneous and have low enough activation energies that molecules can often overcome the energy barrier. True or False?c. ATP has a highly negative free energy change in part because the negative charges on the oxygens repel each other in ATP but less so in ADP. True or False?arrow_forwardAs electrons move from Complex I & II to Complex IV, H+ ions accumulate in the intermembrane space. Describe how these ions are then used to generate ATP using the following terms: ATP synthase, ADP, ATP, electrochemical gradient, chemiosmosis, intermembrane space, matrix.arrow_forward
- First find and label ATP Synthase on the diagram below. Make boxes and add the labels for ATP, ADP, and Pi. Use an arrow indicating ATP being made by the right part of the synthase. This diagram also shows the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Work with your team to add the following labels Complexes l-IV Intermembrane space 02 FADH2 FAD H20 NAD+ Matrix NADH Path of electrons Protons Figure 7.10b Biology: How Life Works, Second Edition © 2016 Macmillan Educationarrow_forwardCan you please explain the relationship of ATP concentration and NADH concentration in this graph (cellular respiration)? At different treatments of ATP (E.g. At 25 ATP, 50 ATP, 100 ATP), why did the NADH concentration change?arrow_forwardLook at the image of the electron transport chain below. Using the information provided in the picture only, in 4 or more sentences explain what is occurring. In your answer you must mention: electrons (e), NADH, FADH2, H* ions, ATP synthase and ATP. mitochondria ELECTRON INPUT electrons from TRANSPORT Kreb's Electron Cycle Transport NADH and FADH2 OUTPUT 34-36 ATP H+ H+ H* H' H+ ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN ATP SYNTHASE H' ADP ATP NADH FADH, H.arrow_forward
- Draw a diagram depicting the processes of electron transport and chemiosmosis in the mitochondrion. Label inner membrane, intermembrane space, matrix, electron transport complexes I through IV, and ATP synthase. Use arrows to show the movement of H + ions into and out of the intermembrane space. Show where electrons from both NADH and FADH2 are introduced into the electron transport chain, the reduction of free oxygen to form water, and the synthesis of ATParrow_forwardExplore Direction: Complete the table below. Select the correct answer from the given set of terms. You may use the terms more than once. Answers for the categories may exceed one. АТР |Glucose Nucleus FADH2 | NADH | Acetyl CoA CO2 | Cytoplasm Mitochondria Pyruvic acid/Pyruvate H2O Oxygen |Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid | Electro Cycle STEP Glycolysis Location in the cell where it occurs Transp 3. 1. 2. 5. 6._7. Reactant/s Product/s 4. 9. 8. 13. 14. 10. 1. 12. 15. 16.arrow_forwardIllustrate the ATP hydrolysis reaction, its regeneration and the AG for both reactions. Show where energy is released in each reaction In the boxes below, Illustrate and describe THREE WAYS IN WHICH ATP HYDROLYSIS provides energy in biological systemsarrow_forward
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