Chapter 8.4, Problem 6E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To show that fixed points for the averaged system correspond to phase-locked periodic solutions for the original forced oscillator. Show further that saddle-node bifurcations of fixed points for the averaged system correspond to saddle-node bifurcation of cycles for the oscillator.

Concept Introduction:

In two-dimensional system, there are four common ways in which limit cycles are created or destroyed.

Global bifurcations are harder to detect because they involve large regions of the phase plane rather than just the neighborhood of a single fixed point.

A bifurcation in which two limit cycles annihilateandcoalesceis called a fold or saddle-node bifurcation of cycles.

At the bifurcation, the cycle touches thesaddle point and becomes a homoclinic orbit. Then it is called as saddle-loop or homoclinic bifurcation.

Bifurcation: it is defined as the point area at which something is divided into two parts and branch. The point in the system equation at which bifurcating occurs.