Chemiosmosis and the way by which a gradient of protons is established across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Concept introduction: Aerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is the most efficient mode of respiration in most of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It involves complete combustion or degradation of sugars or organic fuels and produces CO 2 , water, and ATP. Chemiosmosis is one of the four stages of the aerobic respiration.

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 8.2, Problem 5LO

Summary Introduction

To explain: Chemiosmosis and the way by which a gradient of protons is established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Concept introduction: Aerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is the most efficient mode of respiration in most of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It involves complete combustion or degradation of sugars or organic fuels and produces CO₂, water, and ATP. Chemiosmosis is one of the four stages of the aerobic respiration.

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Explain how a gradient of protons is established across the inner mitochondrial membrane during chemiosmosis

Draw a simple sketch illustrating an inner mitochondrial membrane that is actively involved in chemiosmosis and label the two compartments it separates. Add the ATP synthase complex, indicate the proton gradient, and specify in which compartment ATP is synthesized.

Describe the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial ATP synthesis.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 8.2, Problem 5LO

Summary Introduction

To explain: Chemiosmosis and the way by which a gradient of protons is established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Concept introduction: Aerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is the most efficient mode of respiration in most of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It involves complete combustion or degradation of sugars or organic fuels and produces CO₂, water, and ATP. Chemiosmosis is one of the four stages of the aerobic respiration.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 8.2, Problem 5LO

Summary Introduction

To explain: Chemiosmosis and the way by which a gradient of protons is established across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Concept introduction: Aerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is the most efficient mode of respiration in most of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It involves complete combustion or degradation of sugars or organic fuels and produces CO₂, water, and ATP. Chemiosmosis is one of the four stages of the aerobic respiration.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 8.2, Problem 5LO

Summary Introduction