Campbell Biology
Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8.1, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction

To determine: How the “second law of thermodynamics” explains the diffusion of a substance across a membrane?

Introduction: The second law of thermodynamics states that “Total energy cannot decrease over time in an isolated system”. An isolated system is a system where there is no exchange of matter or energy. Diffusion of a substance across a membrane occurs based on the concentration gradient.

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