
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The name and the formula of the oxide that is used to prepare hypochlorous acid are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation of a species involves the loss of electrons by that species and reduction of a species involves the gain of electrons by that species.
The oxidation number is defined as the formal charge an atom would gain if all the bonds attached to it in a compound are heterolytically cleaved. Oxidation number can be a positive or negative number but cannot be fractional.
(a)

Answer to Problem 8.91P
The name of the oxide is dichlorine oxide and its chemical formula is
Explanation of Solution
The formula of hypochlorous acid is
The oxidation number of hydrogen is
The expression to calculate the oxidation number of chlorine in
Rearrange equation (1) for the oxidation number of chlorine as follows:
Substitute
The oxidation number of chlorine is
The sum of the oxidation numbers of various elements in a neutral compound is zero whereas that in an ionic compound is equal to the charge on the ion.
(b)
Interpretation:
The name and the formula of the oxide that is used to prepare chlorous acid are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation of a species involves the loss of electrons by that species and reduction of a species involves the gain of electrons by that species.
The oxidation number is defined as the formal charge an atom would gain if all the bonds attached to it in a compound are heterolytically cleaved. Oxidation number can be a positive or negative number but cannot be fractional.
(b)

Answer to Problem 8.91P
The name of the oxide is dichlorine trioxide and its chemical formula is
Explanation of Solution
The formula of chlorous acid is
The oxidation number of hydrogen is
The expression to calculate the oxidation number of chlorine in
Rearrange equation (3) for the oxidation number of chlorine as follows:
Substitute
The oxidation number of chlorine is
The sum of the oxidation numbers of various elements in a neutral compound is zero whereas that in an ionic compound is equal to the charge on the ion.
(c)
Interpretation:
The name and the formula of the oxide that is used to prepare chloric acid are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation of a species involves the loss of electrons by that species and reduction of a species involves the gain of electrons by that species.
The oxidation number is defined as the formal charge an atom would gain if all the bonds attached to it in a compound are heterolytically cleaved. Oxidation number can be a positive or negative number but cannot be fractional.
(c)

Answer to Problem 8.91P
The name of the oxide is dichlorine pentaoxide and its chemical formula is
Explanation of Solution
The formula of chloric acid is
The oxidation number of hydrogen is
The expression to calculate the oxidation number of chlorine in
Rearrange equation (5) for the oxidation number of chlorine as follows:
Substitute
The oxidation number of chlorine is
The sum of the oxidation numbers of various elements in a neutral compound is zero whereas that in an ionic compound is equal to the charge on the ion.
(d)
Interpretation:
The name and the formula of the oxide that is used to prepare perchloric acid are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation of a species involves the loss of electrons by that species and reduction of a species involves the gain of electrons by that species.
The oxidation number is defined as the formal charge an atom would gain if all the bonds attached to it in a compound are heterolytically cleaved. Oxidation number can be a positive or negative number but cannot be fractional.
(d)

Answer to Problem 8.91P
The name of the oxide is dichlorine heptaoxide and its chemical formula is
Explanation of Solution
The formula of perchloric acid is
The oxidation number of hydrogen is
The expression to calculate the oxidation number of chlorine in
Rearrange equation (7) for the oxidation number of chlorine as follows:
Substitute
The oxidation number of chlorine is
The sum of the oxidation numbers of various elements in a neutral compound is zero whereas that in an ionic compound is equal to the charge on the ion.
(e)
Interpretation:
The name and the formula of the oxide that is used to prepare sulphuric acid are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation of a species involves the loss of electrons by that species and reduction of a species involves the gain of electrons by that species.
The oxidation number is defined as the formal charge an atom would gain if all the bonds attached to it in a compound are heterolytically cleaved. Oxidation number can be a positive or negative number but cannot be fractional.
(e)

Answer to Problem 8.91P
The name of the oxide is sulfur trioxide and its chemical formula is
Explanation of Solution
The formula of sulfuric acid is
The oxidation number of hydrogen is
The expression to calculate the oxidation number of sulfur in
Rearrange equation (9) for the oxidation number of sulfur as follows:
Substitute
The oxidation number of sulfur is
The sum of the oxidation numbers of various elements in a neutral compound is zero whereas that in an ionic compound is equal to the charge on the ion.
(f)
Interpretation:
The name and the formula of the oxide that is used to prepare sulfurous acid are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation of a species involves the loss of electrons by that species and reduction of a species involves the gain of electrons by that species.
The oxidation number is defined as the formal charge an atom would gain if all the bonds attached to it in a compound are heterolytically cleaved. Oxidation number can be a positive or negative number but cannot be fractional.
(f)

Answer to Problem 8.91P
The name of the oxide is sulfur dioxide and its chemical formula is
Explanation of Solution
The formula of sulfurous acid is
The oxidation number of hydrogen is
The expression to calculate the oxidation number of sulfur in
Rearrange equation (11) for the oxidation number of sulfur as follows:
Substitute
The oxidation number of sulfur is
The sum of the oxidation numbers of various elements in a neutral compound is zero whereas that in an ionic compound is equal to the charge on the ion.
(g)
Interpretation:
The name and the formula of the oxide that is used to prepare nitric acid are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation of a species involves the loss of electrons by that species and reduction of a species involves the gain of electrons by that species.
The oxidation number is defined as the formal charge an atom would gain if all the bonds attached to it in a compound are heterolytically cleaved. Oxidation number can be a positive or negative number but cannot be fractional.
(g)

Answer to Problem 8.91P
The name of the oxide is dinitrogen pentaoxide and its chemical formula is
Explanation of Solution
The formula of nitric acid is
The oxidation number of hydrogen is
The expression to calculate the oxidation number of nitrogen in
Rearrange equation (13) for the oxidation number of nitrogen as follows:
Substitute
The oxidation number of nitrogen is
The sum of the oxidation numbers of various elements in a neutral compound is zero whereas that in an ionic compound is equal to the charge on the ion.
(h)
Interpretation:
The name and the formula of the oxide that is used to prepare nitrous acid are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation of a species involves the loss of electrons by that species and reduction of a species involves the gain of electrons by that species.
The oxidation number is defined as the formal charge an atom would gain if all the bonds attached to it in a compound are heterolytically cleaved. Oxidation number can be a positive or negative number but cannot be fractional.
(h)

Answer to Problem 8.91P
The name of the oxide is dinitrogen trioxide and its chemical formula is
Explanation of Solution
The formula of nitrous acid is
The oxidation number of hydrogen is
The expression to calculate the oxidation number of nitrogen in
Rearrange equation (15) for the oxidation number of nitrogen as follows:
Substitute
The oxidation number of nitrogen is
The sum of the oxidation numbers of various elements in a neutral compound is zero whereas that in an ionic compound is equal to the charge on the ion.
(i)
Interpretation:
The name and the formula of the oxide that is used to prepare carbonic acid are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation of a species involves the loss of electrons by that species and reduction of a species involves the gain of electrons by that species.
The oxidation number is defined as the formal charge an atom would gain if all the bonds attached to it in a compound are heterolytically cleaved. Oxidation number can be a positive or negative number but cannot be fractional.
(i)

Answer to Problem 8.91P
The name of the oxide is carbon dioxide and its chemical formula is
Explanation of Solution
The formula of carbonic acid is
The oxidation number of hydrogen is
The expression to calculate the oxidation number of carbon in
Rearrange equation (17) for the oxidation number of carbon is as follows:
Substitute
The oxidation number of carbon is
The sum of the oxidation numbers of various elements in a neutral compound is zero whereas that in an ionic compound is equal to the charge on the ion.
(j)
Interpretation:
The name and the formula of the oxide that is used to prepare phosphoric acid are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation of a species involves the loss of electrons by that species and reduction of a species involves the gain of electrons by that species.
The oxidation number is defined as the formal charge an atom would gain if all the bonds attached to it in a compound are heterolytically cleaved. Oxidation number can be a positive or negative number but cannot be fractional.
(j)

Answer to Problem 8.91P
The name of the oxide is diphosphorus pentaoxide and its chemical formula is
Explanation of Solution
The formula of phosphoric acid is
The oxidation number of hydrogen is
The expression to calculate the oxidation number of phosphorous in
Rearrange equation (19) for the oxidation number of phosphorous is as follows:
Substitute
The oxidation number of phosphorous is
The sum of the oxidation numbers of various elements in a neutral compound is zero whereas that in an ionic compound is equal to the charge on the ion.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book
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