Chapter 8, Problem 8.1RQ

Program Plan Intro

(a)

Define File Organization.

Explanation of Solution

File organization is a process for arranging and organizing files and records in a secondary storage device. Modern database allows to select and organization for file instead of designing the file organizations.

Program Plan Intro

(b)

Define Heap File Organization.

Explanation of Solution

In the Heap file organization, the files and their records are not stored in a particular order. One example for heap file organization is Oracle 12c in which the default table structure is organized in the heap form.

Program Plan Intro

(c)

Define Sequential File Organization.

Explanation of Solution

In the sequential file organization, the file records are stored in a particular order according to the primary key value. To search a particular record, the files are scanned from the beginning until the desired record is located.

Program Plan Intro

(d)

Define Index File Organization.

Explanation of Solution

Index file organization stores the files and records either sequentially or non-sequentially and creates an index to locate individual record with the help of applictaion software. An index is a table that contains index entries matching a key value with one record that contains the location of record.

Program Plan Intro

(e)

Define Hashed File Organization.

Explanation of Solution

Hashed file organization determines the address of each record using the hashing algorithm. Hashing algorithm converts a primary key value into the address of the record.

Program Plan Intro

(f)

Define Denormalization.

Explanation of Solution

Denormalization is a process that transforms the normalized tables into non normalized physical record specification.

Program Plan Intro

(g)

Define Composite key.

Explanation of Solution

Composite key is also known as compound key and is a combination of two or more attributes which combinely identifies a row in the table uniquely.

Program Plan Intro

(h)

Define Secondary Key.

Explanation of Solution

An entity can have multiple choices for primary keys which are collectively known as candidate keys out of which, one is considered as a primary key and other keys which are not selected as primary key are known as secondary keys.

Program Plan Intro

(i)

Define Data Type.

Explanation of Solution

Data type is a detailed coding scheme used to represent organizatonal data and is recognized by system software like DBMS. The pattern of coding scheme is transparent to the user.

Program Plan Intro

(j)

Define Data Dictionary.

Explanation of Solution

Data dictionary is a set of files that contain collection of data which describe the data model. It contains record about the objects in the database.

Program Plan Intro

(k)

Define Transaction log.

Explanation of Solution

Transaction log is an integral and important part of SQL server database. It is a file that contains all the log records of the logging process in SQL server database and plays an important role in the disaster recovery. Every database modification or transaction occurred is recorded in a transaction log.

Program Plan Intro

(l)

Define Encryption.

Explanation of Solution

Encryption is a process of encoding any information or message so that any unauthorized parties cannot access that confidential information.