The penetration and its relation with shielding are to be determined. Also, the use of penetration effect to explain the difference in relative orbital energies of a 3 p and a 3 d electron in the same atom is to be explained. Concept introduction: Atomic orbitals are the regions of space around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is likely to be found. There are four types of atomic orbitals: 1. s orbital (sharp). 2. p orbital (principle). 3. d orbital (diffuse). 4. f orbital (fundamental).

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Chapter 8, Problem 8.10P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The penetration and its relation with shielding are to be determined. Also, the use of penetration effect to explain the difference in relative orbital energies of a 3p and a 3d electron in the same atom is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Atomic orbitals are the regions of space around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is likely to be found. There are four types of atomic orbitals:

1. s orbital (sharp).

2. p orbital (principle).

3. d orbital (diffuse).

4. f orbital (fundamental).

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