The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by passive diffusion. Introduction: Hypotonic solution : in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside. Hypertonic solution : in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it. Passive diffusion : diffusion moves solutes in a direction that attempts to equalize the concentration on either side of a membrane. This process does not require any additional energy, so this simple diffusion process is also called passive diffusion.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.102AP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by passive diffusion.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Passive diffusion: diffusion moves solutes in a direction that attempts to equalize the concentration on either side of a membrane. This process does not require any additional energy, so this simple diffusion process is also called passive diffusion.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by facilitated transport.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Facilitated transport: small polar molecules diffuse very slowly across the nonpolar barrier found in the centre of the cell membrane. To enable small molecules and ions to pass through the cell membrane, some proteins found in the cell membrane have polar channels that open and close, allowing small polar molecules and ions to be transported across the cell membrane, to equalize the concentration gradient. These proteins are often integral membrane proteins. This type of transport is called facilitated transport and such transport does not require energy.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by active transport.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Active transport: some ions or small molecules must be transported across the cell membrane in the opposite direction of diffusion. Transporting ions or small polar molecules across the cell membrane in a direction opposite to equalizing concentration is possible and it also requires the assistance of a protein channel. This pumping in the opposite direction is called active transport, and it requires energy.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

Acetic acid is added to DI water at an initial concentration of 10 -6 M (Ka=1.8x10-5) A. Using the "ICE" Method, what would the pH be at equilibrium? State assumptions and show your work. B. Using the simultaneous equations method, what would the pH be at equilibrium? Show your work

1. Show that the change in entropy for a fixed amount of ideal gas held at a constant temperature undergoing a volume change is given by the simple equation AS = NkB In Hint: Start with the equation M dS = du + (Œ) dv - Ž (#) an, dU du+av-dN; j=1 Why doesn't the equation for the entropy of an ideal gas depend on the strength of the intermolecular forces for the gas?

2. Make an ice cube at 1 bar pressure by freezing an amount of liquid water that is 2 cm x 2 cm x 2 cm in volume. The density of liquid water at 0 °C is 1.000 g cm³ and the density of ice at 0 °C is 0.915 g cm³. Note that this difference in density is the reason your water pipes burst if they freeze and why you shouldn't forget to take your bottle of pop out of the freezer if you put it in there to try and cool it down faster. A. What is the work of expansion upon freezing? B. Is work done on the system or by the system?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.102AP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by passive diffusion.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Passive diffusion: diffusion moves solutes in a direction that attempts to equalize the concentration on either side of a membrane. This process does not require any additional energy, so this simple diffusion process is also called passive diffusion.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by facilitated transport.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Facilitated transport: small polar molecules diffuse very slowly across the nonpolar barrier found in the centre of the cell membrane. To enable small molecules and ions to pass through the cell membrane, some proteins found in the cell membrane have polar channels that open and close, allowing small polar molecules and ions to be transported across the cell membrane, to equalize the concentration gradient. These proteins are often integral membrane proteins. This type of transport is called facilitated transport and such transport does not require energy.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by active transport.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Active transport: some ions or small molecules must be transported across the cell membrane in the opposite direction of diffusion. Transporting ions or small polar molecules across the cell membrane in a direction opposite to equalizing concentration is possible and it also requires the assistance of a protein channel. This pumping in the opposite direction is called active transport, and it requires energy.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.102AP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by passive diffusion.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Passive diffusion: diffusion moves solutes in a direction that attempts to equalize the concentration on either side of a membrane. This process does not require any additional energy, so this simple diffusion process is also called passive diffusion.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by facilitated transport.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Facilitated transport: small polar molecules diffuse very slowly across the nonpolar barrier found in the centre of the cell membrane. To enable small molecules and ions to pass through the cell membrane, some proteins found in the cell membrane have polar channels that open and close, allowing small polar molecules and ions to be transported across the cell membrane, to equalize the concentration gradient. These proteins are often integral membrane proteins. This type of transport is called facilitated transport and such transport does not require energy.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by active transport.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Active transport: some ions or small molecules must be transported across the cell membrane in the opposite direction of diffusion. Transporting ions or small polar molecules across the cell membrane in a direction opposite to equalizing concentration is possible and it also requires the assistance of a protein channel. This pumping in the opposite direction is called active transport, and it requires energy.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.102AP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by passive diffusion.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Passive diffusion: diffusion moves solutes in a direction that attempts to equalize the concentration on either side of a membrane. This process does not require any additional energy, so this simple diffusion process is also called passive diffusion.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by facilitated transport.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Facilitated transport: small polar molecules diffuse very slowly across the nonpolar barrier found in the centre of the cell membrane. To enable small molecules and ions to pass through the cell membrane, some proteins found in the cell membrane have polar channels that open and close, allowing small polar molecules and ions to be transported across the cell membrane, to equalize the concentration gradient. These proteins are often integral membrane proteins. This type of transport is called facilitated transport and such transport does not require energy.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by active transport.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Active transport: some ions or small molecules must be transported across the cell membrane in the opposite direction of diffusion. Transporting ions or small polar molecules across the cell membrane in a direction opposite to equalizing concentration is possible and it also requires the assistance of a protein channel. This pumping in the opposite direction is called active transport, and it requires energy.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 8.102AP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by passive diffusion.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Passive diffusion: diffusion moves solutes in a direction that attempts to equalize the concentration on either side of a membrane. This process does not require any additional energy, so this simple diffusion process is also called passive diffusion.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by facilitated transport.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Facilitated transport: small polar molecules diffuse very slowly across the nonpolar barrier found in the centre of the cell membrane. To enable small molecules and ions to pass through the cell membrane, some proteins found in the cell membrane have polar channels that open and close, allowing small polar molecules and ions to be transported across the cell membrane, to equalize the concentration gradient. These proteins are often integral membrane proteins. This type of transport is called facilitated transport and such transport does not require energy.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by active transport.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Active transport: some ions or small molecules must be transported across the cell membrane in the opposite direction of diffusion. Transporting ions or small polar molecules across the cell membrane in a direction opposite to equalizing concentration is possible and it also requires the assistance of a protein channel. This pumping in the opposite direction is called active transport, and it requires energy.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 8.102AP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by passive diffusion.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Passive diffusion: diffusion moves solutes in a direction that attempts to equalize the concentration on either side of a membrane. This process does not require any additional energy, so this simple diffusion process is also called passive diffusion.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 8.102AP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by passive diffusion.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Passive diffusion: diffusion moves solutes in a direction that attempts to equalize the concentration on either side of a membrane. This process does not require any additional energy, so this simple diffusion process is also called passive diffusion.

Answer 8

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by facilitated transport.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Facilitated transport: small polar molecules diffuse very slowly across the nonpolar barrier found in the centre of the cell membrane. To enable small molecules and ions to pass through the cell membrane, some proteins found in the cell membrane have polar channels that open and close, allowing small polar molecules and ions to be transported across the cell membrane, to equalize the concentration gradient. These proteins are often integral membrane proteins. This type of transport is called facilitated transport and such transport does not require energy.

Answer 9

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by facilitated transport.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Facilitated transport: small polar molecules diffuse very slowly across the nonpolar barrier found in the centre of the cell membrane. To enable small molecules and ions to pass through the cell membrane, some proteins found in the cell membrane have polar channels that open and close, allowing small polar molecules and ions to be transported across the cell membrane, to equalize the concentration gradient. These proteins are often integral membrane proteins. This type of transport is called facilitated transport and such transport does not require energy.

Answer 10

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by active transport.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Active transport: some ions or small molecules must be transported across the cell membrane in the opposite direction of diffusion. Transporting ions or small polar molecules across the cell membrane in a direction opposite to equalizing concentration is possible and it also requires the assistance of a protein channel. This pumping in the opposite direction is called active transport, and it requires energy.

Answer 11

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypertonic or hypotonic if that solute is being transported across the cell membrane by active transport.

Introduction:

Hypotonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than outside.

Hypertonic solution: in this condition the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it.

Active transport: some ions or small molecules must be transported across the cell membrane in the opposite direction of diffusion. Transporting ions or small polar molecules across the cell membrane in a direction opposite to equalizing concentration is possible and it also requires the assistance of a protein channel. This pumping in the opposite direction is called active transport, and it requires energy.

Answer 12

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 15

Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.1PP Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.2PP Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.3PP Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.4PP Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.5PP Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.6PP Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.7PP Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.8PP Ch. 8 - Explain what is happening in the following...Ch. 8 - Explain what is happening in the following...

Solution Summary: The author explains how to determine the concentration of the solution outside the cell as hypotonic if that solute is being transported across a cell membrane by passive diffusion.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 8 Solutions