Chapter 8, Problem 8.101P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element from which the following ion is derived with the use of the partial electron configurations and the formula of the oxides formed by the ion is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration tells about the distribution of electrons in a various atomic orbital. The condensed electronic configuration is a way to write the electronic configuration where the inner shell configurations are compressed to the nearest noble gas configuration and only the valence shell configuration is written in the expanded form.

When a neutral atom gains electrons, it acquires a negative charge on it due to the presence of excess electrons as compared to the protons. This results in the formation of the anion. When a neutral atom loses electrons, it acquires a positive charge on it due to the presence of excess protons as compared to the electrons. This results in the formation of the cation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element from which the following ion is derived with the use of the partial electron configurations and the formula of the oxides formed by the ion is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration tells about the distribution of electrons in a various atomic orbital. The condensed electronic configuration is a way to write the electronic configuration where the inner shell configurations are compressed to the nearest noble gas configuration and only the valence shell configuration is written in the expanded form.

When a neutral atom gains electrons, it acquires a negative charge on it due to the presence of excess electrons as compared to the protons. This results in the formation of the anion. When a neutral atom loses electrons, it acquires a positive charge on it due to the presence of excess protons as compared to the electrons. This results in the formation of the cation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element from which the following ion is derived with the use of the partial electron configurations and the formula of the oxides formed by the ion is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration tells about the distribution of electrons in a various atomic orbital. The condensed electronic configuration is a way to write the electronic configuration where the inner shell configurations are compressed to the nearest noble gas configuration and only the valence shell configuration is written in the expanded form.

When a neutral atom gains electrons, it acquires a negative charge on it due to the presence of excess electrons as compared to the protons. This results in the formation of the anion. When a neutral atom loses electrons, it acquires a positive charge on it due to the presence of excess protons as compared to the electrons. This results in the formation of the cation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element from which the following ion is derived with the use of the partial electron configurations and the formula of the oxides formed by the ion is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration tells about the distribution of electrons in a various atomic orbital. The condensed electronic configuration is a way to write the electronic configuration where the inner shell configurations are compressed to the nearest noble gas configuration and only the valence shell configuration is written in the expanded form.

When a neutral atom gains electrons, it acquires a negative charge on it due to the presence of excess electrons as compared to the protons. This results in the formation of the anion. When a neutral atom loses electrons, it acquires a positive charge on it due to the presence of excess protons as compared to the electrons. This results in the formation of the cation.