Test Prep Series for AP Chemistry for Chemistry: The Central Science 14th ed AP
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780134661483
Author: Edward L Waterman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 69E
Using Table 8.3, estimate
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Use bond energy values to estimate ΔH for the following reaction in the gas phase.
4 NH3(g) + 3 O2(g) --> 2 N2(g) + 6 H2O(g)
3. Chemical Formulas and Thermodynamics (continued)
From the bond energy data given below, (a) write a balanced equation for the formation of
C.
liquid formic acid from its elements (solid carbon, hydrogen gas and oxygen gas) and (b) calculate its
reaction energy in kJ.
415 kJ/mol
345 kl/mol
460 kJ/mol
490 kJ/mol
436 kJ/mol
C-H
O-H
C-o
360 kl/mol
O=0
800 kJ/mol
799 kl/mol
C-C
C=C
H-H
C=0
a. Write the equation for formation of Formic Acid from its elements:
b. Show your AHrmx calculations. It may help to review the Lewis Structure of formic acid on page 4. Box
your final answer.
a) The following reaction occurs in an open beaker: C2H5OH (g) ---> C2H4(g) + H2O (g)
{Bond Energy (kJ/mol): C-H = 415 ; C-C = 345 ; C-O = 350 ; O-H = 464 ; C=C = 611}i) Calculate the ΔH0rxn for this reaction from the given bond energies. kJ ii) Is this reaction an open, closed or isolated system? iii) Would you feel hot or cold if you were near this reaction when it occurred?
This is because (choose from I - V)
I. the reaction is exothermic and absorbs energy from the surroundings.
II. the reaction is exothemic and releases energy to the surroundings.
III. the reaction is endothermic and absorbs thermal energy from the surroundings.
IV. the reaction is endothermic and loses heat to the surroundings.
V. the reaction produces steam which contains a lot of heat.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Test Prep Series for AP Chemistry for Chemistry: The Central Science 14th ed AP
Ch. 8.2 - Which of the these elements is most likely to from...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8.1.2PECh. 8.2 - Which of the following bond is the most polar? H-F...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8.2.2PECh. 8.3 - Prob. 8.3.1PECh. 8.3 - Prob. 8.3.2PECh. 8.4 - Which of the following bonds is the most polar? a....Ch. 8.4 - Which of the following bonds is most polar: S-Cl,...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 8.5.1PECh. 8.4 - The dipole moment of chlorine monofluoride,...
Ch. 8.5 - Which of the these molecules has a Lewis structure...Ch. 8.5 -
How many valence electrons should appear in the...Ch. 8.5 - Compare the lewis symbol for neon the structure...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 8.7.2PECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.8.1PECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.8.2PECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.9.1PECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.9.2PECh. 8.6 - Which of the statements about resonance is true?...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 8.10.2PECh. 8.7 - Prob. 8.11.1PECh. 8.7 - Prob. 8.11.2PECh. 8 - Prob. 1DECh. 8 - Prob. 1ECh. 8 - Prob. 2ECh. 8 - A portion of a two-dimensional "slab" of NaCl(s)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4ECh. 8 - Prob. 5ECh. 8 - Incomplete Lewis structures for the nitrous acid...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7ECh. 8 - Prob. 8ECh. 8 - Prob. 9ECh. 8 - True or false: The hydrogen atom is most stable...Ch. 8 - Consider the element silicon, Si. Write its...Ch. 8 - Write the electron configuration for the element...Ch. 8 - Prob. 13ECh. 8 - What is the Lewis symbol for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Using Lewis symbols, diagram the reaction between...Ch. 8 - Use Lewis symbols to represent the reaction that...Ch. 8 - Predict the chemical formula of the ionic compound...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18ECh. 8 - Prob. 19ECh. 8 - Prob. 20ECh. 8 - Is lattice energy usually endothermic or...Ch. 8 - NaCI and KF have the same crystal structure. The...Ch. 8 - Prob. 23ECh. 8 - Prob. 24ECh. 8 - Consider the ionic compounds KF, NaCl, NaBr, and...Ch. 8 - Which of the following trends in lattice energy is...Ch. 8 - Energy is required to remove two electrons from Ca...Ch. 8 - Prob. 28ECh. 8 - Use data from Appendix C, Figure 7.10, and Figure...Ch. 8 - Prob. 30ECh. 8 - Prob. 31ECh. 8 - Prob. 32ECh. 8 - Using Lewis symbols and Lewis structures, diagram...Ch. 8 - Use Lewis symbols and Lewis structures to diagram...Ch. 8 - Prob. 35ECh. 8 - Prob. 36ECh. 8 - Prob. 37ECh. 8 - What is the trend in electronegativity going from...Ch. 8 - Prob. 39ECh. 8 - By referring only to the periodic table, select...Ch. 8 - which of the following bonds are polar? B-F,...Ch. 8 - Arrange the bonds in each of the following sets in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 43ECh. 8 - Prob. 44ECh. 8 - In the following pairs of binary compounds,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 46ECh. 8 - Prob. 47ECh. 8 - Write Lewis structures for the following: H2CO...Ch. 8 - Prob. 49ECh. 8 - Draw the dominant Lewis structure for the...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 8 - Prob. 52ECh. 8 - Prob. 53ECh. 8 - Prob. 54ECh. 8 - Prob. 55ECh. 8 - Prob. 56ECh. 8 - Prob. 57ECh. 8 - Prob. 58ECh. 8 - Prob. 59ECh. 8 - Prob. 60ECh. 8 - Prob. 61ECh. 8 - 8.62 For Group 3A-7A elements in the third row of...Ch. 8 - Draw the Lewis structures for each of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 64ECh. 8 - In the vapor phase, BeCl2exists as a discrete...Ch. 8 -
8.66
Describe the molecule xenon trioxide, XeO3,...Ch. 8 -
8.67 There are many Lewis structures you could...Ch. 8 - Prob. 68ECh. 8 - Using Table 8.3, estimate H for each of the...Ch. 8 - Using Table 8.3, estimate H for the following...Ch. 8 - State whether each of these statements is true or...Ch. 8 - Prob. 72ECh. 8 - Prob. 73ECh. 8 - Prob. 74ECh. 8 - Prob. 75ECh. 8 - Prob. 76ECh. 8 - A new compound is made that has a C-C bond length...Ch. 8 - A new compound is made that has an N-N bond length...Ch. 8 - Prob. 79AECh. 8 - Prob. 80AECh. 8 - An ionic substance of formula MX has a lattice...Ch. 8 - Prob. 82AECh. 8 - Prob. 83AECh. 8 - Prob. 84AECh. 8 - Consider the collection of nonmetallic elements 0,...Ch. 8 - The substance chlorine monoxide, CIO(g), is...Ch. 8 -
[8.87]
a. using the electronegativities of Br...Ch. 8 - Prob. 88AECh. 8 - Although I3- is a known ion, F3- is not. a. Draw...Ch. 8 - Calculate the formal charge on the indicated atom...Ch. 8 - The hypochlorite ion, CIO- , is the active...Ch. 8 - Prob. 92AECh. 8 - a. Triazine, C3 H3N3, is like benzene except that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 94IECh. 8 - Prob. 95IECh. 8 - Prob. 96IECh. 8 - Prob. 97IECh. 8 - Prob. 98IECh. 8 - Prob. 99IECh. 8 - Prob. 100IECh. 8 - Prob. 101IECh. 8 - Prob. 102IECh. 8 -
8.103 The compound chloral hydrate, known in...Ch. 8 - Barium azide is 62.04% Ba and 37.96% N. Each azide...Ch. 8 - Acetylene (C2H2) and nitrogen (N2) both contain a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 106IECh. 8 - Prob. 107IECh. 8 -
8.108 Formic acid has the chemical formula...Ch. 8 - Prob. 109IECh. 8 - Prob. 110IE
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- hat is the enthalpy change for a process? Is enthalpy a state function? In what experimental apparatus are enthalpy changes measured?arrow_forwardGiven the following data: NO2(g) NO(g) + O(g)H = 233 kJ 2O3(g) 3O2(g)H = 427 kJ NO(g) + O3(g) NO2(g) + O2(g)H = 199 kJ Calculate the bond energy for the O2 bond, that is, calculate H for: O2(g) 2O(g)H = ?arrow_forwardEstimate H for the following reactions using bond energies given in Table 8.5. 3CH2=CH2(g) + 3H2(g) 3CH2CH3(g) The enthalpies of formation for C6H6(g) and C6H12 (g) are 82.9 and 90.3 kJ/mol. respectively. Calculate H for the two reactions using standard enthalpies of formation from Appendix 4. Account for any differences between the results obtained from the two methods.arrow_forward
- A commercial process for preparing ethanol (ethyl alcohol), C2H5OH, consists of passing ethylene gas. C2H4, and steam over an acid catalyst (to speed up the reaction). The gas-phase reaction is Use bond enthalpies (Table 9.5) to estimate the enthalpy change for this reaction when 37.0 g of ethyl alcohol is produced.arrow_forwardThe standard enthalpies of formation for S(g), F(g), SF4(g), and SF6(g) are +278.8, +79.0, 775, and +1209 KJ/mol, respectively. a. Use these data to estimate the energy of an SF bond. b. Compare your calculated value to the value given in Table 3-3. What conclusions can you draw? c. Why are the Hf values for S(g) and F(g) not equal to zero, since sulfur and fluorine are elements?arrow_forwardUse the following data for potassium chloride to estimate /lE for the reaction: K (s) + 1/2Cl2 (g) →KCL (s) ∆E =? Lattice energy -690. kJ/mol Ionization energy for K 419 kJ/mol Electron affinity of Cl -349 kJ/mol The bond energy of Cl2 239 kJ/mol The energy of sublimation for K 90. kJ/molarrow_forward
- Use the average bond enthalpies from Table 8.3 in your textbook to estimate ΔHΔH for the formation of CO2(g) by the following reaction: CH4(g) + 2O2(g) --> CO2(g) +2H2O(g)arrow_forwardUse the bond enthaplies in this table to determine triangleH for the formafion of hydrazine, N2H4, according to this equation.arrow_forwardUse bond energy values (Table 8.5) to estimate DH for the following reaction H-C=N(g) + 2H₂(g) Select one or more: 218 kJ -42 kJ -549 kJ -158 kJ HH H-C-N(g) T HHarrow_forward
- Determine AHxn for the reaction 2 CO2(g) + 4 H20(g) → 2 CH3OH(g) + 3 O2(g) given the following average bond energies (values given parentheses) C-H (414 kJ/mol) C-O (360 kJ/mol) O-H (464 kJ/mol) O=O (498 kJ/mol) C=O (799 kJ/mol) Provide your answer in decimal notation rounded to 4 significant figures.arrow_forwardstion 7 of 41 > Use the molar bond enthalpy data in the table to estimate the value of AHan for the equation Average molar bond enthalpies. (Hpond) Bond kJ. mol- Bond kJ . mol- CCI,(g) + 2 F,(g) → CF,(g) + 2C,(g) O-H 464 C=N 890 The bonding in the molecules is shown. 0-0 142 N-H 390 С-о 351 N-N 159 +に+章 F-F C-CI O=0 502 N=N 418 CH C=0 730 N=N 945 F-F C-CI С-С 347 F-F 155 C=C 615 Cl–CI 243 C=C 811 Br-Br 192 С-Н 414 H-H 435 С-F 439 Н-F 565 C-CI 331 H-Cl 431 С-Br 276 Н-Br 368 С-N 293 H-S 364 C=N 615 S-S 225 AHn = kJ Question Source: McQuarrie, Rock, And Gallogly 4e - General Chemsitry| Publisher: University Science Books S A «tv MacBook Air 80 DII DD F3 F8 F10 F11 F12 F4 F5 F6 F7 F9arrow_forwardCalculate the enthalpy change from bond energies for each of these reactions: 1. Н-(g) + F:(g) — 2 HF(g) AH= 2. CH(g) + 20-(g) — СО2(g) + 2H-0 (g) AH= 3. CO(g) + 2H2(g) → CH;OH(I) AH= 4. 2H2(g) + Oz(g) – 2H;O(g) AH= 5. 2H2O(g) → 2H2(g) + O2(g) AH= 6. H2CCH2(g) + Cl2(g) → CIH2CCH2CI(g) AH=arrow_forward
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