Test Prep Series for AP Chemistry for Chemistry: The Central Science 14th ed AP
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780134661483
Author: Edward L Waterman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 3E
A portion of a two-dimensional "slab" of NaCl(s) is shown here (see Figure 8.2) in which the ions are numbered.
- Which colored balls must represent sodium ions?
- Which colored balls must represent chloride ions?
- Consider ion 5. How many attractive electrostatic interactions are shown for it?
- Consider ion 5. How many repulsive interactions are shown for it?
- Is the sum of the attractive interactions in part (c) larger or smaller than the sum of the repulsive interactions in part (d)?
- If this pattern of ions was extended indefinitely in two dimensions, would the lattice energy be positive or negative? [Section 8.2]
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a) Calculate the coulombic attractive forces
between a pair of Nat and Cl- ions that just touch
each other. Assume their ionic radii to be
respectively 0.095 nm and 0.181 nm. What is the
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b) Calculate the net potential energy of this simple
ionic pair by using the equation 2.15 in the text
and take m = 9 for NaCl.
Group the following ions into one of two groups based on the ion size compared to itsrespective neutral parent atom: (1) larger ionic radiusthan neutral atom OR (2)smaller ionic radiusthan neutral atom.
Ions - Li, Be, N, O, F, Na, Mg, Al, P, S, Cl, K, Ca
Explain BOTH of the two groupings based on the principles of attractive/repulsive forces between theelectron(s) and proton(s) and how those forces affect the distance between the nucleus and atom’s vsion’s valence electrons.
6.
b)
a) Define electronegativity.
Which element in each of the following sets of elements would have the highest
electronegativity? Choose only one element in each group. Explain your choice.
i) Mg P S
iii) Mg Ca Sr
iv) F CI I
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D
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Test Prep Series for AP Chemistry for Chemistry: The Central Science 14th ed AP
Ch. 8.2 - Which of the these elements is most likely to from...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8.1.2PECh. 8.2 - Which of the following bond is the most polar? H-F...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8.2.2PECh. 8.3 - Prob. 8.3.1PECh. 8.3 - Prob. 8.3.2PECh. 8.4 - Which of the following bonds is the most polar? a....Ch. 8.4 - Which of the following bonds is most polar: S-Cl,...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 8.5.1PECh. 8.4 - The dipole moment of chlorine monofluoride,...
Ch. 8.5 - Which of the these molecules has a Lewis structure...Ch. 8.5 -
How many valence electrons should appear in the...Ch. 8.5 - Compare the lewis symbol for neon the structure...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 8.7.2PECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.8.1PECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.8.2PECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.9.1PECh. 8.5 - Prob. 8.9.2PECh. 8.6 - Which of the statements about resonance is true?...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 8.10.2PECh. 8.7 - Prob. 8.11.1PECh. 8.7 - Prob. 8.11.2PECh. 8 - Prob. 1DECh. 8 - Prob. 1ECh. 8 - Prob. 2ECh. 8 - A portion of a two-dimensional "slab" of NaCl(s)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4ECh. 8 - Prob. 5ECh. 8 - Incomplete Lewis structures for the nitrous acid...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7ECh. 8 - Prob. 8ECh. 8 - Prob. 9ECh. 8 - True or false: The hydrogen atom is most stable...Ch. 8 - Consider the element silicon, Si. Write its...Ch. 8 - Write the electron configuration for the element...Ch. 8 - Prob. 13ECh. 8 - What is the Lewis symbol for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Using Lewis symbols, diagram the reaction between...Ch. 8 - Use Lewis symbols to represent the reaction that...Ch. 8 - Predict the chemical formula of the ionic compound...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18ECh. 8 - Prob. 19ECh. 8 - Prob. 20ECh. 8 - Is lattice energy usually endothermic or...Ch. 8 - NaCI and KF have the same crystal structure. The...Ch. 8 - Prob. 23ECh. 8 - Prob. 24ECh. 8 - Consider the ionic compounds KF, NaCl, NaBr, and...Ch. 8 - Which of the following trends in lattice energy is...Ch. 8 - Energy is required to remove two electrons from Ca...Ch. 8 - Prob. 28ECh. 8 - Use data from Appendix C, Figure 7.10, and Figure...Ch. 8 - Prob. 30ECh. 8 - Prob. 31ECh. 8 - Prob. 32ECh. 8 - Using Lewis symbols and Lewis structures, diagram...Ch. 8 - Use Lewis symbols and Lewis structures to diagram...Ch. 8 - Prob. 35ECh. 8 - Prob. 36ECh. 8 - Prob. 37ECh. 8 - What is the trend in electronegativity going from...Ch. 8 - Prob. 39ECh. 8 - By referring only to the periodic table, select...Ch. 8 - which of the following bonds are polar? B-F,...Ch. 8 - Arrange the bonds in each of the following sets in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 43ECh. 8 - Prob. 44ECh. 8 - In the following pairs of binary compounds,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 46ECh. 8 - Prob. 47ECh. 8 - Write Lewis structures for the following: H2CO...Ch. 8 - Prob. 49ECh. 8 - Draw the dominant Lewis structure for the...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 8 - Prob. 52ECh. 8 - Prob. 53ECh. 8 - Prob. 54ECh. 8 - Prob. 55ECh. 8 - Prob. 56ECh. 8 - Prob. 57ECh. 8 - Prob. 58ECh. 8 - Prob. 59ECh. 8 - Prob. 60ECh. 8 - Prob. 61ECh. 8 - 8.62 For Group 3A-7A elements in the third row of...Ch. 8 - Draw the Lewis structures for each of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 64ECh. 8 - In the vapor phase, BeCl2exists as a discrete...Ch. 8 -
8.66
Describe the molecule xenon trioxide, XeO3,...Ch. 8 -
8.67 There are many Lewis structures you could...Ch. 8 - Prob. 68ECh. 8 - Using Table 8.3, estimate H for each of the...Ch. 8 - Using Table 8.3, estimate H for the following...Ch. 8 - State whether each of these statements is true or...Ch. 8 - Prob. 72ECh. 8 - Prob. 73ECh. 8 - Prob. 74ECh. 8 - Prob. 75ECh. 8 - Prob. 76ECh. 8 - A new compound is made that has a C-C bond length...Ch. 8 - A new compound is made that has an N-N bond length...Ch. 8 - Prob. 79AECh. 8 - Prob. 80AECh. 8 - An ionic substance of formula MX has a lattice...Ch. 8 - Prob. 82AECh. 8 - Prob. 83AECh. 8 - Prob. 84AECh. 8 - Consider the collection of nonmetallic elements 0,...Ch. 8 - The substance chlorine monoxide, CIO(g), is...Ch. 8 -
[8.87]
a. using the electronegativities of Br...Ch. 8 - Prob. 88AECh. 8 - Although I3- is a known ion, F3- is not. a. Draw...Ch. 8 - Calculate the formal charge on the indicated atom...Ch. 8 - The hypochlorite ion, CIO- , is the active...Ch. 8 - Prob. 92AECh. 8 - a. Triazine, C3 H3N3, is like benzene except that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 94IECh. 8 - Prob. 95IECh. 8 - Prob. 96IECh. 8 - Prob. 97IECh. 8 - Prob. 98IECh. 8 - Prob. 99IECh. 8 - Prob. 100IECh. 8 - Prob. 101IECh. 8 - Prob. 102IECh. 8 -
8.103 The compound chloral hydrate, known in...Ch. 8 - Barium azide is 62.04% Ba and 37.96% N. Each azide...Ch. 8 - Acetylene (C2H2) and nitrogen (N2) both contain a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 106IECh. 8 - Prob. 107IECh. 8 -
8.108 Formic acid has the chemical formula...Ch. 8 - Prob. 109IECh. 8 - Prob. 110IE
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- Which of the following atoms would be expected to form negative ions in binary ionic compounds and which would be expected to form positive ions: P, I, Mg, Cl, In, Cs, O, Pb, Co?arrow_forwardn your own words, what is meant by the term electronegativity? What are the trends across and down the periodic table for electronegativity? Explain them, and describe how they are consistent with trends of ionization energy and atomic radii.arrow_forwardWhy do nonmetals tend to form anions rather than cations?arrow_forward
- Acrolein is the starting material for certain plastics. (a) Which bonds in the molecule are polar and which are nonpolar? (b) Which is the most polar bond in the molecule? Which atom is the partial negative end of this bond?arrow_forwardDraw the Lewis structures for all seven diatomic elements (H2, N2, O2,F2, Cl2,Br2, I2) . Even though Br and I are not in the first 3 periods it is useful to consider them here.arrow_forwardConsider the ions Sc3+, CL-, K+, Ca2+, and S2-. Match these ions to the following pictures that represent the relative sizes of the ions.arrow_forward
- 3. In general, as you go down a column in the periodic table, will the interaction between the nucleus and valence electrons get stronger or weaker? Explain. While you can simply memorize all the different periodic trends, many can be understood in terms of the two competing factors in Coulombs law ( Zeff vs. distance, r).arrow_forwardA portion of a two-dimensional “slab” of NaCl(s) is shownhere (see Figure 8.2) in which the ions are numbered.(a) Which colored balls must represent sodium ions?(b) Which colored balls must represent chloride ions?(c) Consider ion 5. How many attractive electrostatic interactionsare shown for it? (d) Consider ion 5. How manyrepulsive interactions are shown for it? (e) Is the sum of the attractiveinteractions in part (c) larger or smaller than the sumof the repulsive interactions in part (d)? (f) If this pattern ofions was extended indefinitely in two dimensions, would thelattice energy be positive or negative? [Section 8.2]arrow_forwardNote:- • Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. • Answer completely. • You will get up vote for sure.arrow_forward
- Are the following molecules polar or non-polar? In each case give a reason for your answer. (Electronegativity values: I = 2.7, CI = 3.0, Br = 2.8, S = 2.5, C = 2.5, H = 2.2) a Oxygen, 02 b Hydrogen chlorine, HCI c The line molecule, CS2 d The tetrahedral molecule, chloromethane, CH3I e The tetrahedral molecule tetrabromomethane, %3D CBrarrow_forwardAnswer the questions in the table below about the shape of the phosphorus trifluoride (PF3) molecule. How many electron groups are around the central phosphorus atom? Note: one "electron group" means one lone pair, one single bond, one double bond, or one triple bond. What phrase best describes the arrangement of these electron groups around the central phosphorus atom? (You may need to use the scrollbar to see all the choices.) (choose one) X Śarrow_forwarduppose a chemist discovers a new metallic element and names it "Xiguum" (Xi).Xi exhibits chemical behaviour similar to an alkaline earth. Xi(s) + Cl2(g) → XiCl2(s) Lattice energy for XiCl2 -1900. kJ/mol First Ionization energy of Xi 400. kJ/mol Second Ionization energy of Xi 680. kJ/mol Electron affinity of Cl -348.7 kJ/mol Bond energy of Cl2 239 kJ/mol Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Xi 150. kJ/mol Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for Xiguum chloride.arrow_forward
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