Chapter 8, Problem 63SE

Treatment for HIV-1 In a 2018 study reported in The Lancet, Molina et al. reported on a study for treatment of patients with HIV-1. The study was a randomized, controlled, double-blind study that compared the effectiveness of ritonavir-boosted darunavir (rbd), the drug currently used to treat HIV-1, with dorovirine, a newly developed drug. Of the 382 subjects taking ritonavir-boosted darunavir, 306 achieved a positive result. Of the 382 subjects taking dorovirine, 321 achieved a positive outcome. See page 430 for guidance.

a. Find the sample percentage of subjects who achieved a positive outcome in each group.

b. Perform a hypothesis test to test whether the proportion of patients who achieve a positive outcome with the current treatment (ritonavir-boosted darunavir) is different from the proportion of patients who achieve a positive outcome with the new treatment (dorovirine). Use a significance level of $\mathrm{0.01.}$ Based on this study, do you think dorovirine might be a more effective treatment option for HIV-1 than ritonavir-boosted darunavir? Why or why not?