Chapter 8, Problem 43AE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products have to be predicted from the reaction of ammonium phosphate with barium nitrate along with balanced formula equation.

Concept Introduction:

Double displacement reactions:  This type of reactions occurs when the cation and the anions switch between two reactants to form new products.  In order for the reaction to occur, one of the products is usually a solid precipitate, a gas or a molecular compound.

Example:  The product of the reaction between nitric acid and calcium sulphide is gaseous hydrogen sulphide and calcium nitrate.  The completed equation is,

  $\text{CaS}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{+2HNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }\text{Ca}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}\left(\text{g}\right)$

Answer to Problem 43AE

The products of the reaction are ammonium nitrate and barium phosphate.  The balanced chemical equation is,

  $\text{2}{\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+3Ba}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{3Ba}}_{\text{3}}{\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{+6NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of ammonium nitrate with barium phosphate results in the formation of barium phosphate and ammonium nitrate.  The chemical equation is,

  ${\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+Ba}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{3Ba}}_{\text{3}}{\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{+NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

The above chemical equation is unbalanced.  The balanced equation is,

  $\text{2}{\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+3Ba}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{3Ba}}_{\text{3}}{\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{+6NH}}_{\text{4}}{\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products have to be predicted from the reaction of sodium sulfide with lead (II) acetate along with balanced formula equation.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer to Problem 43AE

The products of the reaction are sodium acetate and lead (II) sulfide.  The balanced chemical equation is,

  ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+Pb}{\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COO}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }\text{PbS}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{+2NaCH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COO}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

Sodium sulfide reacts with lead (II) acetate to give sodium acetate and lead (II) sulfide.  The chemical equation is,

  ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+Pb}{\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COO}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }\text{PbS}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{+NaCH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COO}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

The above equation is unbalanced.  The balanced chemical equation is,

  ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+Pb}{\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COO}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }\text{PbS}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{+2NaCH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COO}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products have to be predicted from the reaction of copper (II) sulfate along with calcium chlorate balanced formula equation.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer to Problem 43AE

The products of the reaction are copper chlorate and calcium sulfate.  The balanced chemical equation is,

  ${\text{CuSO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+Ca}{\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{CaSO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+Cu}{\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

Copper (II) sulfate reacts with calcium sulfate to give copper chlorate and calcium sulfate.  The chemical equation is,

  ${\text{CuSO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+Ca}{\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{CaSO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+Cu}{\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

The above equation is self-balanced.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products have to be predicted from the reaction of barium hydroxide with oxalate acid along with balanced formula equation.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer to Problem 43AE

The products of the reaction are barium oxalate and water.  The balanced chemical equation is,

  $\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{BaC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{+2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

Barium hydroxide reacts with oxalic acid to give barium oxalate and water.

The chemical equation is,

  $\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{BaC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)$

The above equation is unbalanced.  The balanced chemical equation is,

  $\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{BaC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{s}\right){\text{+2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)$

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products have to be predicted from the reaction of phosphoric acid with potassium hydroxide along with balanced formula equation.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer to Problem 43AE

The products of the reaction are potassium phosphate and water.  The balanced chemical equation is,

  ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+3KOH}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{K}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+3H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

Phosphoric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide to give potassium phosphate and water. 

The chemical equation is,

  ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+KOH}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{K}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)$

The above equation is unbalanced.  The balanced chemical equation is,

  ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+3KOH}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{K}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+3H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)$

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products have to be predicted from the reaction of sodium carbonate with sulfuric acid along with balanced formula equation.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer to Problem 43AE

The products of the reaction are sodium sulfate, carbon dioxide and water.  The balanced chemical equation is,

  ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right){\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

Sodium carbonate reacts with sulfuric acid to give sodium sulfate, water and carbon dioxide.  The chemical equation is,

  ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right){\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)$

The above equation is self-balanced.