Chapter 8, Problem 42PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Check whether the given molecule is polar or not. If the molecule is polar then the direction of polarity has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Polar molecules are the molecules having a positive and negative end and so there will be a charge separation.

A polar molecule is a molecule where the polar bonds are asymmetrically arranged (the dipoles do not cancel)

A nonpolar molecule is a molecule with no polar bonds or a molecule where the polar bonds are symmetrically arranged.

In polar molecule the charge separation occurred with respect to the difference in electronegativity of atoms in the molecule.

Direction of dipole moment in a molecule is can be represented as follows,

Different types of molecules and their geometry in accordance with the VSEPR theory are mentioned below,

$\begin{array}{ccccc}\begin{array}{l}Typeof\\ Molecule\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}No.ofatoms\\ bondedtocentralatoms\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}No.oflonepairs\\ oncentralatom\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}Arrangementof\\ electronpairs\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}Molecular\\ Geometry\end{array}\\ A{B}_2& 2& 0& Linear& Linear\\ A{B}_3& 3& 0& Trigonalplanar& Trigonalplanar\\ A{B}_4& 4& 0& Tetrahedral& Tetrahedral\\ A{B}_5& 5& 0& Trigonalbipyramidal& Trigonalbipyramidal\\ A{B}_6& 6& 0& Octahedral& Octahedral\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

The structure of $BC{l}_3$ is,

This molecule has a trigonal planar geometry. The direction dipole in the molecule is represented below,

However $BC{l}_3$ an asymmetric molecule it is non- polar in nature because the bond dipoles cancel each other.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Check whether the given molecule is polar or not. If the molecule is polar then the direction of polarity has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Polar molecules are the molecules having a positive and negative end and so there will be a charge separation.

A polar molecule is a molecule where the polar bonds are asymmetrically arranged (the dipoles do not cancel)

A nonpolar molecule is a molecule with no polar bonds or a molecule where the polar bonds are symmetrically arranged.

In polar molecule the charge separation occurred with respect to the difference in electronegativity of atoms in the molecule.

Direction of dipole moment in a molecule is can be represented as follows,

Different types of molecules and their geometry in accordance with the VSEPR theory are mentioned below,

$\begin{array}{ccccc}\begin{array}{l}Typeof\\ Molecule\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}No.ofatoms\\ bondedtocentralatoms\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}No.oflonepairs\\ oncentralatom\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}Arrangementof\\ electronpairs\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}Molecular\\ Geometry\end{array}\\ A{B}_2& 2& 0& Linear& Linear\\ A{B}_3& 3& 0& Trigonalplanar& Trigonalplanar\\ A{B}_4& 4& 0& Tetrahedral& Tetrahedral\\ A{B}_5& 5& 0& Trigonalbipyramidal& Trigonalbipyramidal\\ A{B}_6& 6& 0& Octahedral& Octahedral\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

The structure of $PC{l}_3$ is,

This molecule has a trigonal planar geometry. The direction dipole in the molecule is represented below,

However $PC{l}_3$ an asymmetric molecule it is non- polar in nature because the bond dipoles cancel each other.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Check whether the given molecule is polar or not. If the molecule is polar then the direction of polarity has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Polar molecules are the molecules having a positive and negative end (dipole) and so there will be a charge separation.

A polar molecule is a molecule where the polar bonds are asymmetrically arranged (the dipoles do not cancel)

A nonpolar molecule is a molecule with no polar bonds or a molecule where the polar bonds are symmetrically arranged.

In polar molecule the charge separation occurred with respect to the difference in electronegativity of atoms in the molecule.

Direction of dipole in a molecule is can be represented as follows,

Different types of molecules and their geometry in accordance with the VSEPR theory are mentioned below,

$\begin{array}{ccccc}\begin{array}{l}Typeof\\ Molecule\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}No.ofatoms\\ bondedtocentralatoms\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}No.oflonepairs\\ oncentralatom\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}Arrangementof\\ electronpairs\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}Molecular\\ Geometry\end{array}\\ A{B}_2& 2& 0& Linear& Linear\\ A{B}_3& 3& 0& Trigonalplanar& Trigonalplanar\\ A{B}_4& 4& 0& Tetrahedral& Tetrahedral\\ A{B}_5& 5& 0& Trigonalbipyramidal& Trigonalbipyramidal\\ A{B}_6& 6& 0& Octahedral& Octahedral\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

The structure of $C{F}_4$ is,

This molecule has a tetrahedral geometry. The direction dipole in the molecule is represented below,

However $C{F}_4$ an asymmetric molecule it is non- polar in nature because the bond dipoles cancel each other.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Check whether the given molecule is polar or not. If the molecule is polar then the direction of polarity has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Polar molecules are the molecules having a positive and negative end and so there will be a charge separation.

A polar molecule is a molecule where the polar bonds are asymmetrically arranged (the dipoles do not cancel)

A nonpolar molecule is a molecule with no polar bonds or a molecule where the polar bonds are symmetrically arranged.

In polar molecule the charge separation occurred with respect to the difference in electronegativity of atoms in the molecule.

Direction of dipole moment in a molecule is can be represented as follows,

Different types of molecules and their geometry in accordance with the VSEPR theory are mentioned below,

$\begin{array}{ccccc}\begin{array}{l}Typeof\\ Molecule\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}No.ofatoms\\ bondedtocentralatoms\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}No.oflonepairs\\ oncentralatom\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}Arrangementof\\ electronpairs\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}Molecular\\ Geometry\end{array}\\ A{B}_2& 2& 0& Linear& Linear\\ A{B}_3& 3& 0& Trigonalplanar& Trigonalplanar\\ A{B}_4& 4& 0& Tetrahedral& Tetrahedral\\ A{B}_5& 5& 0& Trigonalbipyramidal& Trigonalbipyramidal\\ A{B}_6& 6& 0& Octahedral& Octahedral\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

The structure of $Ge{H}_4$ is,

This molecule has a tetrahedral geometry. The direction dipole in the molecule is represented below,

However $Ge{H}_4$ an asymmetric molecule it is non- polar in nature because the bond dipoles cancel each other.