Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered States
Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered States
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781451190809
Author: Carol Porth RN MSN PhD
Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS+WILKINS
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Chapter 8, Problem 3RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To evaluate: The serum calcium level in blood of patient having a breast cancer history.

Introduction: Calcium balance in the body is maintained by parathyroid hormone, thyrocalcitonin hormone of the thyroid gland, and vitamin D. Parathyroid hormone and possibly vitamin D stimulate Ca++ reabsorption in this segment of the nephron. In contrast, thyrocalcitonin helps in lowering the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood.

B.

Summary Introduction

To describe: The significance of the recent history of malignancy in patient having hypercalcemia.

Introduction: Several malignant tumors, including carcinoma of the lung, breast cancer, have been associated with hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia of malignancy is particularly common in cases of advanced-stage cancer.

C.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The tests which indicate the patient’s condition.

Introduction: The detection of hypercalcemia in a patient with cancer signifies poor prognosis, primarily because the presence of hypercalcemia usually indicates skeletal metastasis.

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Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered States

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