The killing of fish even in the absence of toxic wastes in the sewage and the method by which the mortality rate of fish could be reduced on the accidental dumping of raw sewage in the water. Introduction: The bacteria, present in the sewage water or lakes, perform cellular respiration for energy generation. The cellular respiration involves glycolysis, which is performed by every cell. The glycolysis results in the formation of pyruvate molecules that are converted into lactic acid (in anaerobic respiration) or in acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), which generates a large amount of energy. While Krebs’ cycle (which utilizes acetyl CoA) generates about thirty-eight molecules of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the fermentation is able to generate only a few molecules of ATP.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 8, Problem 2AC

Summary Introduction

To review:

The killing of fish even in the absence of toxic wastes in the sewage and the method by which the mortality rate of fish could be reduced on the accidental dumping of raw sewage in the water.

Introduction:

The bacteria, present in the sewage water or lakes, perform cellular respiration for energy generation. The cellular respiration involves glycolysis, which is performed by every cell. The glycolysis results in the formation of pyruvate molecules that are converted into lactic acid (in anaerobic respiration) or in acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), which generates a large amount of energy. While Krebs’ cycle (which utilizes acetyl CoA) generates about thirty-eight molecules of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the fermentation is able to generate only a few molecules of ATP.

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19. On the diagram below a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA. b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing. c. Add the following details to the diagram. Promoter region TATA box Transcription start site Transcription terminator Intron (A,B,C,D) Exons (1,2,3,4,5) Splice sites 5' cap 5' UTR (untranslated region) 3' poly A tail 3' UTR (untranslated region) Translational start (AUG) Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA) N and C ends of polypeptide 0000

Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter labels are not used. MNNNNNNIN M C B A M D F E H K G 8

The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions. 1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction? 2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe: a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why? b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for? 3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale. 4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale. Mutation 1 Mutation 2

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 8, Problem 2AC

Summary Introduction

To review:

The killing of fish even in the absence of toxic wastes in the sewage and the method by which the mortality rate of fish could be reduced on the accidental dumping of raw sewage in the water.

Introduction:

The bacteria, present in the sewage water or lakes, perform cellular respiration for energy generation. The cellular respiration involves glycolysis, which is performed by every cell. The glycolysis results in the formation of pyruvate molecules that are converted into lactic acid (in anaerobic respiration) or in acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), which generates a large amount of energy. While Krebs’ cycle (which utilizes acetyl CoA) generates about thirty-eight molecules of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the fermentation is able to generate only a few molecules of ATP.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 8, Problem 2AC

Summary Introduction

To review:

The killing of fish even in the absence of toxic wastes in the sewage and the method by which the mortality rate of fish could be reduced on the accidental dumping of raw sewage in the water.

Introduction:

The bacteria, present in the sewage water or lakes, perform cellular respiration for energy generation. The cellular respiration involves glycolysis, which is performed by every cell. The glycolysis results in the formation of pyruvate molecules that are converted into lactic acid (in anaerobic respiration) or in acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), which generates a large amount of energy. While Krebs’ cycle (which utilizes acetyl CoA) generates about thirty-eight molecules of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the fermentation is able to generate only a few molecules of ATP.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 8, Problem 2AC

Summary Introduction