Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780133909029
Author: Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 20TYK
Summary Introduction
To determine: The number of cell divisions in bone marrow per second to replace red blood cells.
Introduction:
Erythropoiesis is the process of formation and maturation of all blood cells. Erythrocytes or red blood cells are continuously produced in the bone marrow. These cells stay in blood circulation for about 120 days.
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a) Hemoglobin accounts for 95% of the protein in red blood cells. If you Google the number of hemoglobin molecules in a RBC, most sources state 250-270 million hemoglobin molecules. If hemoglobin has a molecular weight of 67,000 Da, what is the concentration of hemoglobin in RBCs? Show your work and show your units. Use dimensional analysis to have your final answer in moles per liter.
B) The hemoglobin molecule is nearly spherical with a diameter of 55 Angstroms. You can look at the 3D structure of human hemoglobin on the RCSB PDB website. Calculate the volume of a hemoglobin molecule, and can the number of hemoglobin molecules quoted in Question a actually fit into one red blood cell?
Can red blood cells undergo mitosis? Explain.
Blood is made up of cells (red and white blood cells), cell fragments (platelets) and plasma. Where in the body are these cells and cell fragments produced? Give a couple examples.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
Ch. 8 - Complete the following table to compare mitosis...Ch. 8 - If an intestinal cell in a grasshopper contains 24...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is not a function of...Ch. 8 - It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes...Ch. 8 - A fruit fly somatic cell contains 8 chromosomes....Ch. 8 - If a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then...Ch. 8 - Which of the following phases of mitosis is...Ch. 8 - A biochemist measured the amount of DNA in cells...Ch. 8 - A micrograph of a dividing cell from a mouse...Ch. 8 - Cytochalasin B is a chemical that disrupts...
Ch. 8 - Why are individuals with an extra chromosome 21,...Ch. 8 - In the light micrograph below of dividing cells...Ch. 8 - An organism called a plasmodial slime mold is one...Ch. 8 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 8 - Discuss the factors that control the division of...Ch. 8 - Compare cytokinesis in plant and animal cells. In...Ch. 8 - Sketch a cell with three pairs of chromosomes...Ch. 8 - Suppose you read in the newspaper that a genetic...Ch. 8 - Bacteria are able to divide on a faster schedule...Ch. 8 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 8 - A mule is the offspring of a horse and a donkey. A...Ch. 8 - Prob. 22TYK
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- Elsa’s blood sampled was analyzed under a microscope and it was determined that her red blood cells were “hypochromatic” and “microcytic.” Explain, in your own words, what these terms mean.arrow_forwardIf you place a sample of your blood (which is primarily red blood cells) in a beaker of distilled water, what do you think would happen to the RBCs? Why? Is water moving into or out of the cells? Is the water hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic compared to the intracellular fluid in the RBCs? Knowing that normal cellular osmolarity is 300 mOsmol, what do you think would happen if you mixed your RBCs with a 1.8% NaCl solution? Why? What is the osmolarity of the 1.5% NaCl solution? RBCs with distilled water and why Is water moving into or out of the RBCs in this solution? Is the water hypo-, iso- or hypertonic? RBCs with 1.8% NaCl solution and why Osmolarity (osmol/L) of the 1.8% NaClarrow_forwardTransport of biomolecules to tissues takes place through capillary walls by both convection and diffusion. Consider an endothelium in which the gaps between the cells are characterized by the following dimensions: L=1 µm long, h=200 nm high, and W=10 nm in width (the last dimension is the distance between the two cells). The fluid is at 37degC and has the same properties as physiologic saline. Let the average pressure in the capillary be 45 mm Hg and let the pressure in the tissue be 0 mm Hg (ignore osmotic effects). Consider a small solute that has a diffusion coefficient of 1x10-5 cm2/s. Does this solute pass across the endothelium by diffusion or is it primarily carried by flow?arrow_forward
- Describe the reason why the red blood cells placed in one solution swell and burst and also why the red blood cells placed in another solution shrink and wrinkle.arrow_forwardRecently, athletes have begun to take advantage of the benefits of extra red blood cells, in a process known as `` blood doping`` (You can do your own research on it). Two weeks prior to a competition, a blood sample is taken and centrifuged, and the red blood cell component is stored. A few days before the event, the red blood cells are injected into the athlete. Why would athletes remove red blood cells only to return them to their bodies later? What problems could be created.arrow_forwardWhat is the approximate ratio of red blood cells to white blood cells in human blood?arrow_forward
- Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word from the following group: hemolysis, water, increase, crenation, decrease, isotonic. The RBC’s in Figure 8.7 “a” are suspended in an (blank1) solution. If red blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution they lose (blank2) and (blank3) in size. This process is called (blank4). If red blood cells are placed in a hypotonic solution they gain (blank5), (blank6) in size, and may burst. This process is called (blank7).arrow_forwardYou have been asked to do a strucutural study to understand how increasing cell surface area affects cell size, cell shape and functions. What cell type would help you most efficiently observe the effects of increasing surface area? Choices: A. Monocytes from the blood serum. Monocytes are largely roughly spherical cells. B. Red Blood cells from the bone marrow. The shape of Red blood cells is a biconcave disk and looks like a donut. C. Stem cells from skin. In this case assume a skin stem cell is flat and plate like. D. Microvilli covered cells from the intestines. Microvilli are tiny hair like protrusions in the plasma membrane of intestinal cells that increase the absorption of nutrients in the intestines.arrow_forwardWhat is the significance of the red blood cell being anucleate (without a nucleus)? Did it ever have a nucleus? (use an appropriate reference.) _______ If so, when?arrow_forward
- Sickle cells are named because of their characteristic shape. What problems can this shape cause? Explain how the absence of a nucleus affects a red blood cell’s life span.arrow_forwardExplain why the term “formed elements” is used instead of “blood cells.”arrow_forwardJohn was involved in a serious accident and lost a large volume of blood. His girlfriend, Anne, gave him distilled water while trying desperately to replenish his body fluids. She added the water directly to the blood via one of his veins. (a). How does the water get into John's blood cells? (b). What will the result be? Why?arrow_forward
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