Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780133909029
Author: Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 1CC
Complete the following table to compare mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis | Meiosis | |
Number of chromosomal duplications | ||
Number of cell divisions | ||
Number of daughter cells produced | ||
Number of chromosomes in the daughter cells | ||
How the chromosomes line up during metaphase | ||
Genetic relationship of the daughter cells to the parent cell | ||
Functions performed in the human body |
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To explain: The comparison between mitosis and meiosis.
Concept introduction:
Mitosis is a type of cell division where two daughter cells are formed by the separation of a newly duplicated DNA. As the process is an asexual mode of reproduction, it plays an important role in single-celled eukaryotes. Meiosis is another type of cell division that decreases the chromosome number by half,which results in four haploid cells, each daughter cell will be genetically distinct from the parent cell.
Explanation of Solution
Both mitosis and meiosis are associated with cytokinesis. The results of the two processes will be daughter cells. The sequence of events in mitosis and meiosis is same but in meiosis it occurs twice. The processes differ in two ways. Meiosis undergoes genetic separation and cellular division twice, while the mitosis has only one cycle.
Completed table is given below:
Mitosis | Meiosis | |
Number of chromosomal duplications | 1 | 1 |
Number of cell divisions | 1 | 2 |
Number of daughter cells produced | 2 | 4 |
Number of chromosomes in daughter cells | 46 | 23 |
How the chromosomes line up during metaphase | line up as single chromosomes in the middle | pair of homologous chromosomes lined up at the metaphase plate |
Genetic relationship of daughter cell to parent cell | Identical | Different |
Function performed in human body | Somatic cells | Reproductive cells |
- Number of chromosomal duplications:In both mitosis and meiosis, the cell duplicates its chromosomesonly once. Hence, 1 is the correct answer for both mitosis and meiosis.
- Number of cell divisions: Only one cell division occurs in mitosis, whereas two cell divisions occurs during meiosis called meiosis І and meiosis ІІ. Hence, 1 is the answer for mitosis and 2 for meiosis.
- Number of daughter cells produced: Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells, whereas mitosis gives two identical diploid cells. Hence, 2 is the correct answer for mitosis and 4 is the correct answer for meiosis.
- Number of chromosomes in daughter cells: A mitotic daughter cell contains 46 chromosomes (diploid), whereas a meiotic daughter cell contains 23 chromosomes (haploid). Hence, 46 is the correct answer for mitosis and 23 is correct answer for meiosis.
- How the chromosomes line up during metaphase: Mitosis line up as single chromosome in the middleof the cell; while in meiosis, a pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate. Hence, the correct answer for mitosis is line up as single chromosomes in the middle and for meiosisis a pair of homologous chromosomes lined up at the metaphase plate.
- Genetic relationship of daughter cell to parent cell: The daughter cells are identical to parents in mitotic division; whereas in meiosis, the daughter cells are different. Hence, the correct answer for mitosis is identical and for meiosis isdifferent.
- Function performed in human body: Mitosis results in somatic cells, whereas reproductive cells are formed as a result of meiosis. Hence, the correct answer for mitosis is somatic cells and for meiosis is reproductive cells.
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Table below presents the criteria to be used in comparing mitosis and meiosis. Provide the missing information
CRITERIA
MITOSIS
MEIOSIS
Presence of synapses
presence of crossing over
cell type that undergoes cell division
number of daughter cells formed
DNA content of cells at start of division
DNA content of daughter cells
genetic consequences
What is the differences and similarities of mitosis and meiosis? Explain in 1-2 sentences
Complete the table.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
Ch. 8 - Complete the following table to compare mitosis...Ch. 8 - If an intestinal cell in a grasshopper contains 24...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is not a function of...Ch. 8 - It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes...Ch. 8 - A fruit fly somatic cell contains 8 chromosomes....Ch. 8 - If a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then...Ch. 8 - Which of the following phases of mitosis is...Ch. 8 - A biochemist measured the amount of DNA in cells...Ch. 8 - A micrograph of a dividing cell from a mouse...Ch. 8 - Cytochalasin B is a chemical that disrupts...
Ch. 8 - Why are individuals with an extra chromosome 21,...Ch. 8 - In the light micrograph below of dividing cells...Ch. 8 - An organism called a plasmodial slime mold is one...Ch. 8 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 8 - Discuss the factors that control the division of...Ch. 8 - Compare cytokinesis in plant and animal cells. In...Ch. 8 - Sketch a cell with three pairs of chromosomes...Ch. 8 - Suppose you read in the newspaper that a genetic...Ch. 8 - Bacteria are able to divide on a faster schedule...Ch. 8 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 8 - A mule is the offspring of a horse and a donkey. A...Ch. 8 - Prob. 22TYK
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