The mechanism for formation of the alcohol product should be drawn. Concept introduction: Alkenes are regarded electron-rich and often undergo addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids or nucleophilic sodium cyanide. The intermediate formed in former is tertiary carbocation and finally nucleophilic part of halo acid attacks in a rapid step to give addition product. The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. This is also justified as intermediate tertiary carbocation involved in this pathway is highly stable intermediate. The order of relative stability of various possible carbocation species is as follows:

Question

13.84. Chlorine atoms react with methane, forming HCI and CH3. The rate constant for the reaction is 6.0 × 107 M¹ s¹ at 298 K. When the experiment was run at three other temperatures, the following data were collected: T (K) k (M-1 s-1) 303 6.5 × 107 308 7.0 × 107 313 7.5 x 107 a. Calculate the values of the activation energy and the frequency factor for the reaction. b. What is the value of the rate constant in the lower stratosphere, where T = 218 K?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 12E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for formation of the alcohol product should be drawn.

Concept introduction: Alkenes are regarded electron-rich and often undergo addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids or nucleophilic sodium cyanide. The intermediate formed in former is tertiary carbocation and finally nucleophilic part of halo acid attacks in a rapid step to give addition product.

The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. This is also justified as intermediate tertiary carbocation involved in this pathway is highly stable intermediate.

The order of relative stability of various possible carbocation species is as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The expected product of reaction was carried out in methanol instead of water should be drawn.

Concept introduction: Alkenes are regarded electron-rich and often undergo addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids or nucleophilic sodium cyanide. The intermediate formed in former is tertiary carbocation and finally nucleophilic part of halo acid attacks in a rapid step to give addition product.

The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. This is also justified as intermediate tertiary carbocation involved in this pathway is highly stable intermediate.

The order of relative stability of various possible carbocation species is as follows:

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13.84. Chlorine atoms react with methane, forming HCI and CH3. The rate constant for the reaction is 6.0 × 107 M¹ s¹ at 298 K. When the experiment was run at three other temperatures, the following data were collected: T (K) k (M-1 s-1) 303 6.5 × 107 308 7.0 × 107 313 7.5 x 107 a. Calculate the values of the activation energy and the frequency factor for the reaction. b. What is the value of the rate constant in the lower stratosphere, where T = 218 K?

My Organic Chemistry textbook says about the formation of cyclic hemiacetals, "Such intramolecular reactions to form five- and six-membered rings are faster than the corresponding intermolecular reactions. The two reacting functional groups, in this case OH and C=O, are held in close proximity, increasing the probability of reaction."According to the book, the formation of cyclic hemiacetals occurs in acidic conditions. So my question is whether the carbonyl group in this reaction reacts first with the end alcohol on the same molecule or with the ethylene glycol. And, given the explanation in the book, if it reacts first with ethylene glycol before its own end alcohol, why would it? I don't need to know the final answer. I need to know WHY it would not undergo an intermolecular reaction prior to reacting with the ethylene glycol if that is the case. Please do not use an AI answer.

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