
i.
Choice Table for interest Rates from 0% to 25%.

Answer to Problem 11P
Choice table for both specification plan has been made.
Explanation of Solution
Given:
Cost of resurfacing a road = $1.5 M
Annual Maintenance = $120K
Time period = 10 years.
Calculation:
Current Specification:
Current Plan | Maintenance Cost | Initial Cost Annuity = 1500000/13.1808 | FV = A×(1.06^10)/0.6 | Total Cost | PV of Perpetuity = A/i | |
13.181 | ||||||
0.01 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 23380200 | ||
0.02 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 11690100 | ||
0.03 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 7793400 | ||
0.04 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 5845050 | ||
0.05 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 4676040 | ||
0.06 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 3896700 | ||
0.07 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 3340029 | ||
0.08 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 2922525 | ||
0.09 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 2597800 | ||
0.1 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 2338020 | ||
0.11 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 2125473 | ||
0.12 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 1948350 | ||
0.13 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 1798477 | ||
0.14 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 1670014 | ||
0.15 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 1558680 | ||
0.16 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 1461263 | ||
0.17 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 1375306 | ||
0.18 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 1298900 | ||
0.19 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 1230537 | ||
0.2 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 1169010 | ||
0.21 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 1113343 | ||
0.22 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 1062736 | ||
0.23 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 1016530 | ||
0.24 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 974175 | ||
0.25 | 120000 | 113802 | 233802 | 935208 |
Proposed Plan
Proposed Plan | Maintenance Cost | Initial Cost Annuity = 2100000/23.276 | FV = A×(1.06^15-1)/0.6 | Total Cost | PV of Perpetuity = A/i |
23.276 | |||||
0.01 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 18022168.76 | |
0.02 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 9011084.38 | |
0.03 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 6007389.587 | |
0.04 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 4505542.19 | |
0.05 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 3604433.752 | |
0.06 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 3003694.793 | |
0.07 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 2574595.537 | |
0.08 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 2252771.095 | |
0.09 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 2002463.196 | |
0.1 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 1802216.876 | |
0.11 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 1638378.978 | |
0.12 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 1501847.397 | |
0.13 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 1386320.674 | |
0.14 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 1287297.769 | |
0.15 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 1201477.917 | |
0.16 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 1126385.548 | |
0.17 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 1060127.574 | |
0.18 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 1001231.598 | |
0.19 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 948535.1979 | |
0.2 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 901108.438 | |
0.21 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 858198.5124 | |
0.22 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 819189.4891 | |
0.23 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 783572.5548 | |
0.24 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 750923.6983 | |
0.25 | 90000 | 90221.68758 | 180221.7 | 720886.7504 |
Conclusion:
Choice table for both specification plan has been made.
ii.
Specification to be preferred when interest rate is 6%.

Answer to Problem 11P
As the Present value of
Explanation of Solution
Given:
Cost of resurfacing a road = $1.5 M
Annual Maintenance = $120K
Time period = 10 years.
Calculation:
Current Specification | ||||
Figures in Million $ | ||||
Year | Particulars | Amount | P.V Factor @ 6% | Total |
0 | Resurface cost | 1.5 | 1 | 1.50 |
1 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.12 | 0.904159 | 0.11 |
2 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.12 | 0.85298 | 0.10 |
3 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.12 | 0.804698 | 0.10 |
4 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.12 | 0.759149 | 0.09 |
5 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.12 | 0.716179 | 0.09 |
6 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.12 | 0.67564 | 0.08 |
7 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.12 | 0.637397 | 0.08 |
8 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.12 | 0.601317 | 0.07 |
9 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.12 | 0.567281 | 0.07 |
10 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.12 | 0.53517 | 0.06 |
Total | 2.35 |
Proposed Specification | ||||
Figures in Million $ | ||||
Year | Particulars | Amount | P.V Factor @ 6% | Total |
0 | Resurface cost | 2.1 | 1 | 2.10 |
1 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.09 | 0.904159 | 0.08 |
2 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.09 | 0.85298 | 0.08 |
3 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.09 | 0.804698 | 0.07 |
4 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.09 | 0.759149 | 0.07 |
5 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.09 | 0.716179 | 0.06 |
6 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.09 | 0.67564 | 0.06 |
7 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.09 | 0.637397 | 0.06 |
8 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.09 | 0.601317 | 0.05 |
9 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.09 | 0.567281 | 0.05 |
10 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.09 | 0.53517 | 0.05 |
11 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.09 | 0.504878 | 0.05 |
12 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.09 | 0.4763 | 0.04 |
13 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.09 | 0.449339 | 0.04 |
14 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.09 | 0.423905 | 0.04 |
15 | Annual maintenance cost | 0.09 | 0.39991 | 0.04 |
Total | 2.94 |
Conclusion:
As the Present value of cash outflow is less in current specification, the current specification will be selected.
iii.
Economic Difference between both specifications.

Answer to Problem 11P
As Proposed Specification has High present Value compared to Current specification and there is relatively high difference between the Cost involvements in Current plan compared to proposed plan, so it leads to economic difference.
Explanation of Solution
Given:
Cost of resurfacing a road = $1.5 M
Annual Maintenance = $120K
Time period = 10 years.
Concept used:
As Proposed Specification has High present Value compared to Current specification and there is relatively high difference between the Cost involvements in Current plan compared to proposed plan, so it leads to economic difference.
Conclusion:
As Proposed Specification has High present Value compared to Current specification and there is relatively high difference between the Cost involvements in Current plan compared to proposed plan, so it leads to economic difference.
iv.
Impact on environment due to road surfacing.

Answer to Problem 11P
- Alteration of landscape which leads to negative impact on wildlife in a number of deleterious ways.
- Mortality of wildlife due to destruction of their habitats.
- The debris from the tires of vehicles results to land pollution.
- Road noise affects birds negatively. Bird population declines due to proximity of road areas.
Explanation of Solution
Given:
Cost of resurfacing a road = $1.5 M
Annual Maintenance = $120K
Time period = 10 years.
Concept used:
- Alteration of landscape which leads to negative impact on wildlife in a number of deleterious ways.
- Mortality of wildlife due to destruction of their habitats.
- The debris from the tires of vehicles results to land pollution.
- Road noise affects birds negatively. Bird population declines due to proximity of road areas.
Conclusion:
- Alteration of landscape which leads to negative impact on wildlife in a number of deleterious ways.
- Mortality of wildlife due to destruction of their habitats.
- The debris from the tires of vehicles results to land pollution.
- Road noise affects birds negatively. Bird population declines due to proximity of road areas.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Engineering Economic Analysis
- and u (C1, C2) = 1/2 = f) Derive analytically and show graphically the solution under other util- ity functions such as u (C1, C2) ac₁+bc2 where a, b > 0, u (C1, C2) = ac₁+bc1/2 acbc2 (assume that the agent is sufficiently rich to avoid the corner solution). What of these utility functions reflects best your own preferences (or indicate other utility function that represent your pref- erences).arrow_forwardnot use ai please don'tarrow_forwardnot use ai pleasearrow_forward
- Please give me true answer this financial accounting questionarrow_forwardnot use aiarrow_forwardExplain if any states are not a “friendly” place for tax preparers, payday lenders, title pawn lenders, and “credit approved” used car dealers to operate in and what they have done, regulation-wise.arrow_forward
- Explain the regulation or lack of regulation of payday lenders, title pawn lenders, and “credit-approved” used car dealers in Alabama.arrow_forwardExplain why people should avoid the business model of payday lenders, title pawn lenders, and “credit approved” used car dealers.arrow_forwardExplain why people fall prey to payday lenders, title pawn lenders, and “credit-approved” used car dealers.arrow_forward
- Please answer the following.arrow_forwardThe figure below shows the hypothetical domestic supply and demand for baseball caps in the country of Spain. Domestic Supply and Demand for Baseball Caps Price (€ per cap) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Spain Dd 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Baseball caps (thousands per month) Suppose that the world price of baseball caps is €2 and there are no import restrictions on this product. Assume that Spanish consumers are indifferent between domestic and imported baseball caps. Instructions: Enter your answers as whole numbers. a. What quantity of baseball caps will domestic suppliers supply to domestic consumers? thousand b. What quantity of baseball caps will be imported? thousand Now suppose a tariff of €1 is levied against each imported baseball cap. c. After the tariff is implemented, what quantity of baseball caps will domestic suppliers supply to domestic consumers? thousand d. After the tariff is implemented, what quantity of baseball caps will be imported? thousandarrow_forwardMay I please have the solutions for the following assignment? as 2025arrow_forward
- Principles of Economics (12th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134078779Author:Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. OsterPublisher:PEARSONEngineering Economy (17th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134870069Author:William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, C. Patrick KoellingPublisher:PEARSON
- Principles of Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781305585126Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Economics: A Problem Solving ApproachEconomicsISBN:9781337106665Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike ShorPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Economics & Business Strategy (Mcgraw-...EconomicsISBN:9781259290619Author:Michael Baye, Jeff PrincePublisher:McGraw-Hill Education





