Foundations in Microbiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780073522609
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7.L1, Problem 1MCQ
1. An organic nutrient essential to an organism’s
a. trace element
b. micronutrient
c. growth factor
d. mineral
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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine:
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate.
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2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0
Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…
The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 7.1 - 1. Describe the major environmental factors to...Ch. 7.1 - 2. Define nutrition and nutrients and their...Ch. 7.1 - 3. Differentiate between organic and inorganic...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 4ELOCh. 7.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 7.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 7.1 - 3. List the general functions of the essential...Ch. 7.1 - 4. Define growth factors and metallic ions with...Ch. 7.2 - 5. Describe the main categories of nutritional...Ch. 7.2 - 6. Distinguish different types of autotrophs and...
Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 7ELOCh. 7.2 - 5. Compare autotrophs and heterotrophs with...Ch. 7.2 - 6. Describe the nutritional strategy of two types...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 7CYPCh. 7.2 - Prob. 8CYPCh. 7.3 - 8. Describe the basic factors in diffusion and...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 9ELOCh. 7.3 - 10. Analyze adaptations microbes make in response...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 11ELOCh. 7.3 - 9. Compare and contrast passive and active forms...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 10CYPCh. 7.3 - 11. Explain the differences between facilitated...Ch. 7.3 - 12. Compare the effects of isotonic, hypotonic,...Ch. 7.4 - 12. Differentiate between habitat and niche.Ch. 7.4 - 13. Describe the range of temperatures a microbe...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 15ELOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 16ELOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 17ELOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 13CYPCh. 7.4 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 7.4 - 15. Explain what it means to be an obligate...Ch. 7.4 - 16. Where in the body are anaerobic habitats apt...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 17CYPCh. 7.5 - 18. Outline the types of associations among...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 19ELOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 20ELOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 21ELOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 22ELOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 7.5 - Prob. 19CYPCh. 7.5 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 7.5 - 21. Relate several advantages to communication...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 23ELOCh. 7.6 - 24. Describe the process of population growth and...Ch. 7.6 - 25. Explain the stages in the population growth...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 26ELOCh. 7.6 - 22. What is microbial growth? Explain the stages...Ch. 7.6 - 23. Why is growth called exponential? What causes...Ch. 7.6 - 24. Contrast two different methods of detecting...Ch. 7.6 - 25. Explain the relationship between colony counts...Ch. 7.L1 - 1. An organic nutrient essential to an...Ch. 7.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 7.L1 - 3. An organism that can synthesize all its...Ch. 7.L1 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 7.L1 - 6. Which of the following substances are required...Ch. 7.L1 - 7. A pathogen would most accurately be described...Ch. 7.L1 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 7.L1 - 12. Which of the following is not involved in...Ch. 7.L1 - 13. Superoxide ion is toxic to strict anaerobes...Ch. 7.L1 - Prob. 14MCQCh. 7.L1 - 15. In a viable plate count, each ____ represents...Ch. 7.L1 - 16. The stage in population growth with the...Ch. 7.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 3CSRCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 2WCCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 3WCCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 4WCCh. 7.L1 - 5. a. What biochemical events in quorum sensing...Ch. 7.L1 - 6. Explain what is happening to the population at...Ch. 7.L1 - Prob. 7WCCh. 7.L2 - 1. a. Is there a microbe that could grow on a...Ch. 7.L2 - 2. Describe how one might determine the nutrient...Ch. 7.L2 - 3. Patients with ketoacidosis associated with...Ch. 7.L2 - Prob. 4CTCh. 7.L2 - 5. Provide some suggestions for treating anaerobic...Ch. 7.L2 - Prob. 6CTCh. 7.L2 - Prob. 7CTCh. 7.L2 - Prob. 8CTCh. 7.L2 - 9. Describe the similarities and differences...Ch. 7.L2 - 1. Place appropriate points on the axes and draw...Ch. 7.L2 - Prob. 2VC
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