Foundations in Microbiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780073522609
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7.L1, Problem 6MCQ
6. Which of the following substances are required by all organisms?
a. organic nutrients
b. inorganic nutrients
c. growth factors
d. oxygen gas
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 7 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 7.1 - 1. Describe the major environmental factors to...Ch. 7.1 - 2. Define nutrition and nutrients and their...Ch. 7.1 - 3. Differentiate between organic and inorganic...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 4ELOCh. 7.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 7.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 7.1 - 3. List the general functions of the essential...Ch. 7.1 - 4. Define growth factors and metallic ions with...Ch. 7.2 - 5. Describe the main categories of nutritional...Ch. 7.2 - 6. Distinguish different types of autotrophs and...
Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 7ELOCh. 7.2 - 5. Compare autotrophs and heterotrophs with...Ch. 7.2 - 6. Describe the nutritional strategy of two types...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 7CYPCh. 7.2 - Prob. 8CYPCh. 7.3 - 8. Describe the basic factors in diffusion and...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 9ELOCh. 7.3 - 10. Analyze adaptations microbes make in response...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 11ELOCh. 7.3 - 9. Compare and contrast passive and active forms...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 10CYPCh. 7.3 - 11. Explain the differences between facilitated...Ch. 7.3 - 12. Compare the effects of isotonic, hypotonic,...Ch. 7.4 - 12. Differentiate between habitat and niche.Ch. 7.4 - 13. Describe the range of temperatures a microbe...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 15ELOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 16ELOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 17ELOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 13CYPCh. 7.4 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 7.4 - 15. Explain what it means to be an obligate...Ch. 7.4 - 16. Where in the body are anaerobic habitats apt...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 17CYPCh. 7.5 - 18. Outline the types of associations among...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 19ELOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 20ELOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 21ELOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 22ELOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 7.5 - Prob. 19CYPCh. 7.5 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 7.5 - 21. Relate several advantages to communication...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 23ELOCh. 7.6 - 24. Describe the process of population growth and...Ch. 7.6 - 25. Explain the stages in the population growth...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 26ELOCh. 7.6 - 22. What is microbial growth? Explain the stages...Ch. 7.6 - 23. Why is growth called exponential? What causes...Ch. 7.6 - 24. Contrast two different methods of detecting...Ch. 7.6 - 25. Explain the relationship between colony counts...Ch. 7.L1 - 1. An organic nutrient essential to an...Ch. 7.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 7.L1 - 3. An organism that can synthesize all its...Ch. 7.L1 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 7.L1 - 6. Which of the following substances are required...Ch. 7.L1 - 7. A pathogen would most accurately be described...Ch. 7.L1 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 7.L1 - 12. Which of the following is not involved in...Ch. 7.L1 - 13. Superoxide ion is toxic to strict anaerobes...Ch. 7.L1 - Prob. 14MCQCh. 7.L1 - 15. In a viable plate count, each ____ represents...Ch. 7.L1 - 16. The stage in population growth with the...Ch. 7.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 3CSRCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 2WCCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 3WCCh. 7.L1 - Prob. 4WCCh. 7.L1 - 5. a. What biochemical events in quorum sensing...Ch. 7.L1 - 6. Explain what is happening to the population at...Ch. 7.L1 - Prob. 7WCCh. 7.L2 - 1. a. Is there a microbe that could grow on a...Ch. 7.L2 - 2. Describe how one might determine the nutrient...Ch. 7.L2 - 3. Patients with ketoacidosis associated with...Ch. 7.L2 - Prob. 4CTCh. 7.L2 - 5. Provide some suggestions for treating anaerobic...Ch. 7.L2 - Prob. 6CTCh. 7.L2 - Prob. 7CTCh. 7.L2 - Prob. 8CTCh. 7.L2 - 9. Describe the similarities and differences...Ch. 7.L2 - 1. Place appropriate points on the axes and draw...Ch. 7.L2 - Prob. 2VC
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