Chapter 7.1, Problem 64E

Animal Psychology Exercises 63–68 concern the following chart, which shows the way in which a dog moves its facial muscles when torn between the drives of fight and flight.⁷ The “fight” drive increases from left to right; the “flight” drive increases from top to bottom. (Notice that an increase in the “fight” drive causes the dog’s upper lip to lift, while an increase in the “flight” drive draws its ears downward.)

Let E be the event that the dog’s flight drive is strongest, let F be the event that the dog’s flight drive is weakest, let G be the event that the dog’s fight drive is strongest, and let H be the event that the dog’s fight drive is weakest. Describe the following events in terms of E, F, G, and H using the symbols $\cap ,\cup ,\text{ and <msup> <mo> ′ </mo> </msup>}$.

a. The dog’s flight drive is weakest, and its fight drive is not weakest.

b. The dog’s flight drive is not strongest, or its fight drive is weakest

c. Either the dog’s flight drive or its fight drive fails to be strongest.