The larger species between the two given elements is to be determined. Concept introduction: The formation of an ion takes place when an atom loses or gains electrons. When an atom loses electron, the positively charge cations are formed. Its size decreases due to decrease in electron–electron repulsion When an atom gains electron, the negatively charge anions are formed. Its size increases due to increase in electron–electron repulsion. The ionic size tends to increase down the group due to increase in number of shells and decrease along the period because shell remains same and effective nuclear charge increase. In isoelectronic species, the species with the smallest nuclear charge (i.e., the smallest atomic number Z) will have the larger radius. The species with the largest nuclear charge (i.e., the largest atomic number Z) will have the smaller radius.

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Chapter 7, Problem 95AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The larger species between the two given elements is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The formation of an ion takes place when an atom loses or gains electrons.

When an atom loses electron, the positively charge cations are formed. Its size decreases due to decrease in electron–electron repulsion

When an atom gains electron, the negatively charge anions are formed. Its size increases due to increase in electron–electron repulsion.

The ionic size tends to increase down the group due to increase in number of shells and decrease along the period because shell remains same and effective nuclear charge increase.

In isoelectronic species, the species with the smallest nuclear charge (i.e., the smallest atomic number Z) will have the larger radius.

The species with the largest nuclear charge (i.e., the largest atomic number Z) will have the smaller radius.

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